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| Wanted people to see the grandeur of Rome |
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| The attitude of the Baroque period |
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| A queen of Protestant Sweden who was secretly raised by Catholics |
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| Entrance to the world of the Sun King |
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| Architect of the Versailles gardens |
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| Architecture as an outdoor room. Nature was seen as formal, controlled, subservient |
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| Known today as the world's greatest art museum. Home of the Mona Lisa. Bernini's trip to Paris was to help expand it. Started as a fortress, then as a palace of the king, then the home of the royal art collection. |
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| French diarist with Bernini on their trip to Paris. Wrote a journal while traveling with Bernini in 1665. Wrote about Bernini's meeting with King Louis XIV. |
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| State-run art factory of Louis XIV |
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| Garden architect of the Blenheim Palace. Started the English tradition of romantically arranged landscape, improved nature. (As opposed to the French controlled/subservient/ordered nature) |
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| Informal, natural, untamed. |
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| English Baroque architect of the Blenheim Palace. |
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| Monumental Baroque country house situated in Oxfordshire, England. The Palace, one of England's largest houses, was built between 1705 and 1722. It was the result of the military successes of John Churchill, the first duke of Marlborough. Also notable as the birthplace and ancestral home of Prime Minister Winston Churchill. |
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| This date marked the thirteen-hundredth anniversary of St. Peter's. |
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| Elected Pope in 1667. Orders Angel Bridge to be built. Orders his tomb, which took 18 months to make. Hires the greatest painter Carlo Maratti and hires the greatest sculptor Bernini. |
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| Latin inscription for Iesvus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum ("Jesus King of the Jews") |
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| Portable throne of the Pope; forerunner of the Popemobile |
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| Christian theological term used for the events and suffering--physical, spiritual, and mental--of Jesus in the hours before and including his trial and execution by crucifixion. |
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| "Maniacs of Ponte St. Angelo" |
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| 19th century guidebook's view of the Bernini angels. |
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| Bernini family church; home of two angels (considered too beautiful to be put outdoors, so Bernini kept them indoors here) |
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| Preliminary sketch of a sculpture. |
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| Small, relatively finished scale model of a sculpture. |
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| Head of the Bernini studio of 40 sculptors. Sculpted Angel with Column on the entrance to the Vatican. |
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| Giovanni Battista Piranesi |
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| Architect who gives an alternate entranceway to Rome--keyhole entranceway. Impressive optical effect. |
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| Blessing that the Pope gives to the city and to the world; welcoming everybody to the Catholic world. |
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| Fascist dictator who tears down much of Old Rome. Fashioned himself as a new Roman Emperor. Made the trains run on time, wanted to recreate the Roman Empire, was obsessed with grand entrances. |
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| "Way of Consolidation." Mussolini built it after trying to work out with the Vatican. Fascist light posts; cold, detached, sterile, ugly, anti Bernini's spiritual journey. |
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| Medieval ghetto area in the approach to St. Peter's. Ruined Bernini's vision. |
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| Responsible for amazing number of Bernini projects in St. Peter's Square, including the colonnade. |
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| A plan that wasn't actually executed, but which Bernini had envisioned to include another colonnade thingy in St. Peter's Square. |
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| Stato della Città del Vaticano |
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| Vatican = 110 acres; population of just over 800. |
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| Vatican City established in 1929. |
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| Princeton professor, leader in Bernini studies. |
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| Porous, cheap stone, usually used as a marble replacement. From Tivoli. |
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| One of the chief technicians of the Bernini studio who does most of the statues on top of the St. Peter's colonnade. |
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| Area around the Vatican Obelisk and the areas around the two fountains on the side. |
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| "Church Triumphant"; Catholic propaganda created by Bernini. |
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| Rectangular area right in front of the Vatican Obelisk. |
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| Designer of Paul VI Audience Hall. |
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| Bernini placing bell towers on both the Pantheon and St. Peter's led to construction scandal. |
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| "We have a Pope"--election of Pope. |
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| "Feed my flock"; papal primacy; Catholic Church believes to be the provider of the Christian world. |
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| Won Papal commission to construct one of the doors to the Vatican. Door of Death. This door is open when they bring a Pope out (exit). |
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| Architect of the facade of St. Peter's. |
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| Carlo Maderno's design of the facade of St. Peter's lacks original intent of Bramante/Michelangelo; it instead makes the Dome seem smaller and recessed in the background. |
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| "View painting"; postcard-esque painting of famous cities/places, used as souvenir. |
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| Borghese Pope who extends the nave and builds the facade of St. Peter's. |
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| Saint Ann's Gate. Gates to one of the entrances to St. Peter's. |
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| In 312 AD, Christianity rose to become the dominant religion in the Roman Empire. The night before the battle Constantine looks up into the night sky and sees the insignia of a cross. |
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| "Under this sign you will conquer" -- the message Constantine saw the night before the Battle of Milvian Bridge. |
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| Most famous marble quarry. |
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| Bernini's younger brother. Sculptor and engineer, involved in many scandals, including having attacked and sodomized a young boy during the building of Scala Regia |
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| Medallion upon which Emperor Charlemagne knelt when he came to Rome in 800 and was crowned by the Pope. |
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| Empress from Canoas. One of the six women buried in Vatican. One of the most powerful women in the Middle Ages, benefactress of the Holy See. Medieval leader in Tuscany who wields her property to the Vatican upon her death. |
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| Canopy/tabernacle cover over tomb of St. Peter. |
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| Pope Urban VIII, responsible for baldacchino. |
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| Technique of using cut and fitted, highly-polished marble stones to create images. Example: floor of St. Peter's. |
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| Twisted or spiraling column to give a sense of exuberance (copied from the Temple of Solomon). Used on the baldacchino. |
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| Responsible for Baldacchino. One of the greatest art patrons who spends 10% of papal budget on art. |
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| Barberini family originally from Florence, bees symbol of industrious hard-working. |
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| Bernini's belltowers that he put on top of the Roman Pantheon; had to recycle the bronze from the roof; the city rebelled, the belltowers were eventually taken off. |
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| "Rome's talking statue"; named after a merchant known for political opinions. People would post signs and other ads around the statue. |
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| Quod non fecerunt barberi, fecerunt barberini |
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| A satire or lampoon, especially one that ridicules a specific person, traditionally written and posted in a public place. |
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| Roman centurion who plunged his spear into the side of Jesus |
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| Late Greek art focused on physical expression, body language, emotion. Example: Laocoon and Sons. |
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| Innocent XI, does a Vatican cleanup of indecent images (nudes & provocative images). |
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| Flemish Baroque sculptor in Rome. His more idealized representations are often contrasted with the emotional character of Bernini's works. |
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| Cross that is an "X" instead of a "T" |
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| At the time of the passion of the Christ, this woman wiped the face of Jesus as he was led to the crucifixion. The cloth, with the impression of Christ's face, is now a relic. |
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| Mother of Constantine. Finds True Cross (which is able to resurrect people). |
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| An estimator who comes in artistic disputes and evaluates those disputes. |
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| Someone who assists with polishing sculptures. |
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| Empty throne that holds the symbolic chair of power. |
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| "Teaching from the chair"; defined by the Pope as infallibly true, to be accepted by all Catholics, with authority. |
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| "Little Peters"; custodial job of taking care of St. Peter's; inherited job, keep it for life. |
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| "Little crab"; Jan Asselyn's nickname because of his cripped hand. |
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| A leading Dutch painter of the 17th century, cow painter. |
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| Italy was viewed as a romantic spot. Golden, romantic, rustic, utopian place, warm and friendly people. |
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| Art museum in Amsterdam, large concentration of Protestant Baroque art. |
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| Spain at one time had control of the Lower Countries. Was Catholic but then divided from Spain and become Calvinist. In 1579 declared itself independent from Spain. |
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| Develops most progressive art school of the time. |
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| People indulging in sexual acts, shows the Dutch love of low life subjects. |
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| Light that comes streaming in from an unseen source (like form a window or cellar door not pictured). |
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| Shadow painting, face lost in natural light. |
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| Dutch brotherhoods, confraternity in Rome. |
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| Dutch master who has a beer pitcher named after him. |
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| Field Pope, elected by the Dutch as humorous satire on Catholics. |
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| Reminds that the period of the Baroque seems to be one of exhiliration, celebration of life, over-the-top celebratory kinds of things, drink-till-you-drop |
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| One of the major followers of Caravaggio, part of the Utrecht School. After his return from Rome, he turned from mainly religious to Arcadian and dosmestic subjects and portraits. He popularized candle-light effects. |
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| "Gerard of the Night"; nickname given to Honthorst to imply that he has fully embraced the Caravaggio style. |
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| A term that can refer to fleas or may refer to the men creeping in the background. |
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| "To push back"; illusionistic trick that thrusts one or more figures toward the viewer and gives the impression of depth. |
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| Artists' Guild--the union that represents artists. Named after St. Luke because he was a physician who painted one of the first portraits of the Virgin Mary: he became the patron saint of artists. |
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| Rembrandt's wife. She died soon after giving birth to their son Titus from tuberculosis. |
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| Widower of trumpet player that Rembrandt put away. Rembrandt used her as the model in Danae, though his wife had been the original model. |
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| Rembrandt's common-law wife. Had been his maidservant, then moved in with him and they had a daughter named Comelia. |
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| Rembrandt's surviving son. |
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| Thick pigment; used frequently by Rembrandt |
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| First attempt at accurate anatomical illustrations in print. |
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| Sicilian nobleman, one of Rembrandt's patrons. Requested Aristotle. |
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| Director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art for ten years. Sold off certain French impressionist paintings and Roman coins to buy Remebrandt and other paintings. Lock-buster shows. |
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| Name for printing technique in which hatching is used to create dark areas. |
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| The Royal Picture Gallery in the Hague. |
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| Painting without the benefit of drawing first. Frequently used by Frans Hals. |
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| One of three major women artists of the Dutch Golden Age. One of the most in-demand artists because of her amazing attention to details in painting. She had 10 childern but never stopped painting. |
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| Reminders of shortness of life. Warning against excess wealth. |
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| A type of painting that has inanimate objects as its subject. |
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| Italian early Baroque painter, today considered one of the most accomplished painters in the generation influenced by Caravaggio. First female painter to become a member of the Academy of Design in Florence. |
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| Dutch Golden Age painter. She was one of the three significant women in Dutch Golden Age painting. Mostly painted genre works. |
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| Wrote major source book on 17th century Dutch painting. Ignored Vermeer, which led to Vermeer's exclusion from art history for two centuries. |
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| 19th century French journalist and art critic. He is best known today for his rediscovery of the work of Vermeer. |
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| Thoré Bürger's name for Vermeer. |
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| Vermeer's wife. She is Catholic, but Vermeer is Protestant. |
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| Delft Thunderclap 1654 (1675?) |
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| Event in which a gunpowder store exploded and destroyed much of the city. Over a hundred people were killed and thousands more wounded. |
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| Camera believed to have been used by Vermeer. Box with lens/mirror/glass. |
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| Experimented with camera obscura. |
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| British artist who published a book Secret Knowledge, in which he proclaims that many of the famous painters of the Baroque and Renaissance used camera obscura. |
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| Enhancement: Vermeer adds white dots. |
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| Single figures in historicizing, oriental, or imaginary costumes that connote old age, piety, soldierly bravery, the orient, transcience, etc. Not meant to be portraits. |
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| Vermeer's Girl with the Pearl Earring |
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| Most famous masterpiece art forger. Charged with collaboration with the Nazis. Convicted when the blue he used proved to be a modern color not invented until 1930. Died in prison. |
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| Forger of an art forger. Hans van Meegeren's son. Continued to try to reproduce major artworks, such as Vermeers. |
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| Inherits a great fortune; after her husband dies, she becomes one of the major art collectors. Now has a museum named after her. |
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| A car bomb ripped through the west wing of the Uffizi, 30 works seriously damaged and 200 more damaged. Killed five people. Totally destroyed were paintings by 17th century followers of Caravaggio. Alleged to have been set up by the Sicilian Mafia. Cultural terrorism! Attacking culture for political gain. |
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| More detailed and dynamic art that drew heavily on the classics. Famous artists of it include Rubens and Bernini. |
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| Nickname for Rubens. Famous for three subjects--women, soldiers, and horses. |
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| One who follows the style of Rubens. |
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| Neo-classical style which was to transform English architecture. Begun in 1619, and designed by Inigo Jones in a style influenced by Palladio. |
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| English Baroque architect. The first to bring Italian Renaissance architecture to England. |
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| Neo-classical European style of architecture derived from the designs of the Venetian architect Andrea Palladio. The term refers to buildings that are strongly based on the symmetry, perspective, and values of the classicism architecture. |
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| An English translation of the Bible, commissioned for the benefit of the Church of England at the behest of King James I of England. An example of Baroque Classicism. |
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| Shows that the Catholic-Protestant tensions are still high. Some people took the Bible and changed some things, like leaving out the "not" in the 10 Commandments. |
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| Attempt in 1605 by Catholics to blow up King James and Parliament. Led by Guy Fawkes. |
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| English revolutionary who led the Gunpowder Plot. |
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| Sold off the Royal Collection |
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| Famous for having the Royal Collection. |
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| Followers of Poussin and classical painting in the tradition of Annibale Carracci. Classical Baroque painters. |
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| One of the most famous classical Baroque painters. Lived in Rome for 41 years. |
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| Academia delli Desiderosi |
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| Bolognese Academy--"those who desire fame." Believed that people should study the classics. |
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| Artists are trainted to be artists. |
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| Sistine Chapel of the Baroque |
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| 16 panels, illusionistic easel paintings. Celebrating the great lovers. A triumph of the classical Baroque. |
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| Combining parts of the past (like classicism) with new things; making things stranger. |
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| Famous antiquarian. Most important writer of the classical Baroque. Thought Maratti was the most important artist of the time. |
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| Illusion of a framed painting (frame painted around a painting). |
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| Painted illusionistic architecture. |
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| Secret entrance/exit to the Vatican. Disguised as an aqueduct. |
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| Bernini desgined St. Peter's Square to be the theater. Shapes of the colonnades don't match perfectly, casually measired. Bernini recognized that no Baroque square should be square. Bernini wanted a third arm. |
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| Pope whose tomb is the only tomb in St. Peter's, erected in reverse order. |
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| Rembrandt Research Project. Eliminated hundreds of non-Rembrandts. |
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| Catalogue of every work of the artists, for major paintings. |
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| 40 Rubens studio workers. Produced art. Collaborative works. Much of Baroque art is a product of a corporate entity. |
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| Accademia degli Incamminati |
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| "Those who had achieved success." Carracci is the person that has establiched this academy. |
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| Pope responsible for building the Baldacchino and decorated a lot of St. Peter's. |
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| Cardinal Alessandro Farnese |
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| Put name on front of Farnese Church. |
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| "From beneath upwards"--command to look up to the ceiling. |
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| Ordered ceiling painting. |
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| Painted ceiling painting. Parents were killed in a plague. |
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| Jesuit lay preacher. Seems to have been the vehicle to spread Baroque ceiling painting to the rest of Europe. |
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| By Pozzo, translated into 5 different languages. One of the reasons that ceiling painting spread. |
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| Soulful expressions, stylized gestures. |
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| Grand Manner. Bringing art back to the principles of the Renaissance. |
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| Intellectually studied nature. Constructed nature (not as you see it, but as you imagine it). Harmony and order. |
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| Art school that emphasized romance of poverty, social awareness. |
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| Too true to be doubted or disputed. |
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