Term
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Definition
Old Stone Age; (PreHistory--~8000 B.C.)
New Stone Age; (~8000 B,C.) |
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Term
| Civilizations generally posses the following: |
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Definition
1) Permanent Settlements
2) System of Government
3) Distinct Social Classes (wealth and occupation)
4) Tools, skills, goods, and system of trade
5) Some form of written communication
6) A shared system of religious belief |
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Definition
Paleolithic cave paintings
--were probably religious in nature |
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Term
| Venus of Willendorf (role of cave and images seen) |
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Definition
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Term
Stonehenge
(Post and Lintel) |
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Definition
Very little is known about it
posts= pillars; lintel= top design |
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Term
| Pictograph/Cuneiform/Hieroglyphic |
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Definition
Pictographs= simplified picture signs
Cuneiform= earliest form of writing developed
Hieroglyphic= Egyptian form of writing in which symbols represent objects or ideas |
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Definition
| Epic poem about the search for immortality-- written by the Sumerians. |
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| The Law Code of Hammurabi |
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Definition
| law code; one of the earliest attempts at social justice via legislation |
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Definition
| early pyramids designed for religious worship |
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Term
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Definition
burial tombs for Egyptian Pharaohs
--used for worship as well
Sphinx: guards the Pharaoh's burial chambers |
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Term
| Cycladic Art: Palace at Knossos/Funerary Statues |
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Definition
-Palace at Knossos
--Palace of Minos (legendary king; minotaur)
-Funerary Statues
--small statues buried with the dead
---probably religious in function
----cult of the mother goddess, maybe? |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The Homeric Epics(works and themes) |
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Definition
-Iliad
--Trojan War
---ends before the Trojan horse
-Odyssey
--Odysseus's 10 year journey home from the Trojan War |
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Term
| Archaic Period Sculpture: Kore, Kouros, Kritios Boy (the turning point- Contrapposto) |
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Definition
Kore
-standing female statue
-related to Egyptian styling
Kouros
-standing male figure
-nude; wig-like hair
--Greeks made nude sculptures more often than the Egyptians
Kritios Boy
-Contrapposto
--most weight is on one foot
-Archaic smile replaced with more natural expression |
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Term
| Etruscan tombs versus Greek tombs |
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Definition
Etruscan tombs
-less concerned about mathematical proportion or how the body works than the Greeks
-more interested in the initial impact it has on the viewers |
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Term
Vase Painting Types:
-Heroic
-Geometric
-Red-Figure
-Black Figure |
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Definition
Geometric
-meandering (mazes) patterns on the vase
Red-figure
-red color of the clay
-used for 3D effect, perspective, and foreshortening
-details were brushed in later
Black-figure
-combine superb draftmanship and power over expression |
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Term
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Definition
| slightly optimistic smile adorned by many Greek statues |
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Term
| Doric/Ionic/Corinthian Order |
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Definition
Doric
-pointy plutes
-nobase or volutes
Ionic
-smoother plutes
-volutes at the top
-had a base
Corinthian
-very decorative/ornate
-had fig leaves at the top where volutes were |
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Term
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Definition
-written by Sophocles
-Man wishes to change his fate
--ends up fulfilling his destiny anyway
---kills father, marries his mother, and then gouges his eyes out |
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Term
Philosophy:
-Presocratics, Pythagoras, Dualists (Heraclitus of Ephesus), Parmenides, Atomists, Socrates, Plato's view of Art, and Aristotle |
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Definition
-PreSocratics
--lived and died before the time of Socrates
--many were examining questions we would consider scientific (not philosophical)
-Pythagoras
--numbers can be found everywhere
--love of #s led to discovery of musical octaves
--mathematical relationships represented principles of the universe and of morality
---'harmony of the spheres'
-Heraclitus of Ephesus
--"the Obscure"
--Dualist
---two 'worlds'
----physical world (observed through senses)
----metaphysical world (observed through intellect/reason)
-Parmenides
--emotions and senses are deceiving
---mind=good; senses=flawed
-Atomists
--Democritus
---small particles invisible to the naked eye
-Socrates
--well-known skeptic
--little is known about him
---much of which we know through his students
--he spoke in public squares
---was put on trial in 399 BC
----was sentenced to death
-Plato
--founded the Academy
---first 'university'
--Theory of Forms
---1st level: physical
---2nd level: creatable
---3rd level: drawings (nonfunctional)
----artists=imitators=liars
-----art needed to be censored
--Beauty is Objective
---measurable and agreeable
--Art must contribute to society
---bad art leads to demise
-Aristotle
--student of Plato's
---early on= supporter; later=critic
--founds the Lyceum
---promotes Metaphysics
----discovering the 'nature of 'God''
--believes that beauty is imminent in life
--imitative art is an innocent pleasure
---art should possess order, harmony
--catharsis= release of emotion |
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Term
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Definition
Polykleitos of Argos
-devised a mathematical formula for representing the perfect male body |
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Term
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Definition
Pericles' building of this sparked the Peloponnesian War
-funding was paid for (in part) by the Delian League's treasury |
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Term
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Definition
-part of the Acropolis
-Area of worship for Athena
-possessed Doric columns |
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Term
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Definition
-ancient city buried under the ashes of Vesuvius' eruption
-wrote about by Pliny the Younger to Tacitus |
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Term
| Epicureanism vs. Stoicism |
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Definition
-Epicureanism
--life's goal is pleasure
---ironically, refined pleasure: called for restraint
--gods don't play a part
-Stoicism
--started by Cicero/Seneca--> Roman Statesman
--world is governed by reason
--'only conquer what we know we can control' |
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Term
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Definition
-Aenid
--epic poem which chronicles the dawn of Rome from the Trojan Horse
-Georgics
--practical guide to farming
-Eclogues
--ten short pastoral poems
---dealt with the joys and sorrows of the country and denizens who lived there |
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Term
Roman imperial architecture:
concrete, round arch, plumbing, acqueducts, facade, dome |
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Definition
-concrete
--sand, gravel, and water
-round arch
--adopted from the Etruscans
-acqueducts
--vast network of pipes that brought millions of gallons of water a day into Rome
--Pont Du Gard
---transfers water for 25 miles
-dome
--spiral of arches |
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Term
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Definition
| series of arches forming a tunnel |
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Term
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Definition
-built to honor Jupiter
-center occulus spans 30 feet |
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Term
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Definition
-burial chambers (slots in the wall)
-birthplace of Christian art
--represents naturalism/idealism |
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Term
| Constantine's Edict of Milan |
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Definition
-Christianity becomes the Empire's official religion
-capital moved from Rome to Constantinople (in Byzantine) |
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Term
| House Churches of early Christian Church |
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Definition
| -served as early places of spiritual guidance and worship |
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Term
| Monotheism/Polytheism/Henotheism |
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Definition
-Monotheism
--belief in one god
---i.e. Christianity, Judaism, and Islam
-Polytheism
--belief in many gods
---i.e. ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans
-Henotheism
--belief in many gods, but worship only one
---i.e. Hinduism |
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Term
| The Western Tradition: Historical Overview |
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Definition
A) The Ancient Period (prehistoric-400 AD)
B) Medieval Period (400-1300)
C) Renaissance (1300-1600)
D) Baroque to Romanticism (1600-1880)
E) Modern Age (1880-1970)
F) Postmodern Age (1970-present) |
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