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Test 2
Chapter 12 & 13
15
Chemistry
Undergraduate 3
12/05/2011

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Term
Dissolution is favored by: 
Definition

Weak solute-solute interactions, weak solvent-solvent interactions, and strong 

solute-solvent interactions.

Term

Consider the following rate law,      rate = k [A] 3

What happens to the rate of reaction 

if the concentration of A is doubled (assume the temperature remains constant)? 

Definition
The rate of reaction increases by a factor of 8.
Term
Raoult’s Law is related to which colligative property?
Definition
Vapor pressure lowering 
Term
List the three things (discussed in lecture) which occur in all chemical reactions.
Definition

• Reactants are consumed 

• Products are formed 

• There is a transfer of energy.

Term
Solubility
Definition

The solubility of a solute is the maximum amount solute that can be dissolved in a specified quantity  of solvent  at a constant temperature and pressure (and result in 

stable solution).

Term
Kinetics
Definition
The study of rates of chemical reactions and the mechanisms by which they occur. 
Term

 

Colligative property

Definition

A physical property of a solution which depends on the number of 

solute particles in a given amount of solvent, but not on the identity of the solute particle(s)

Term

 

Miscible

Definition
Two liquids are miscible if one dissolves in the other in all proportions without separation. 
Term

During lecture the dissolution process was described as consisting of three steps.  

Describe each of the three steps and include if it the step is endothermic or exothermic. 

Definition

1) Expand the solute:  The attractive forces between solute particles must be overcome 

(break the intermolecular attractive forces which exist between solute particles).  

Endothermic, ΔHsolute. 

2) Expand the solvent:  The attractive forces between solvent particles must be 

overcome (break the intermolecular attractive forces which exist between solvent 

particles).  Endothermic, ΔHsolvent

3) Intermolecular interactions develop between individual solute and solvent particles 

(solute particle – solvent particle attractions form).  Exothermic, ΔHmix.

Term

Describe what is meant by the phrase “like dissolves like.”  Use this principle to determine if the solute will 1) dissolve in the solvent (label with the letter “D) or 2) will not 

dissolve in the solvent (label with “ND”).

Definition

HCN  in CCl4 ND,  HCN is polar (dipole-dipole interaction) 

and CCl4 is nonpolar (London interaction) 

CaCl2 in H2O 

D, CaCl2 is polar (i.e it is an ionic compound) 

and H2O is polar (a Hydrogen bond is a 

strong dipole-dipole interaction) 

Like dissolves like:  A solute is more likely to dissolve in a solvent if both the solute and 

solvent have similar intermolecular forces.

Term
How does the solubility of a gas solute depend on temperature? 
Definition
The solubility of a gas increases as the temperature decreases.
Term
How does the solubility of a solid or liquid solute depend on temperature?
Definition

The solubility of a solid or liquid generally increases as the temperature increases 

(exceptions do exist).

Term
How does the solubility of a gas solute depend on pressure? 
Definition
The solubility of a gas increases as the pressure increases. 
Term
How does the solubility of a solid or liquid solute depend on pressure.
Definition

For all practical purposes, the solubility of a solid or liquid does not depend on 

pressure. 

Term

594.0 g of NaCl is dissolved in 3.780 kg of water.   Determine the freezing point of 

the resulting solution.  Don’t forget about n (i.e. the van’t Hoff factor), kf

 H2O = 1.86°C/m.   

Definition
T= -10.00 C
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