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| name given to the instuments that realize the figure bass, for instance, harpsichord and cello: organ and bassoon, etc. |
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| a short hand for chords indicated by numbers under the bass line indicating the harmonies that are to be used to accompany the melody. |
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| Italian ensemble, experimented with drama added to music in performances which led to the development of Opera. |
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| a compositional philosophy of the Baroque, one mood or affection per movement or section. |
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| solo song w/ accompaniment |
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| tuning system advocated by J.S. Bach, tuning by half steps, chromatically. |
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| a large musical drama including arias, recitatives, ensembles and orchestra. It combines poetry, acting, scenery and costumes with singing and instrumental music. |
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| a large dramatic genre with religious or Biblical text, based on religious or Biblical characters, performed by solo voices, chorus, ensembles and orchestra. It is not staged or costumed. |
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| a lyrical art song, allows for emotional expression |
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a speech-like form of singing, speech-like musical declamation of the text.
*The recitativo advances the plot moving forward the action.
*Secco: Italian for “dry”, meaning without instrumental accompaniment.
*Accompagnato: it is accompanied and thus moves more evenly. |
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| instrumental number that opens the work and sets the mood. |
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| the script to the work written by the librettist. |
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| is a Protestant hymn of the Lutheran tradition |
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sacred or secular. Vocal genre for solo singers and instrumental
accompaniment based on lyric, dramatic or narrative poetry. |
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composed oratorio “Messiah” and “The Water Music.”
Worked for King George I. |
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composed “Well Tempered Clavier,” advocated Equal
Temperament as a way of tuning instruments. Also composed Cantata #140
“Sleepers, Awake.” |
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wrote opera “Dido and Aeneas,” one of the first operas with all
components of the genre. |
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| Concerto or solo concerto |
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| a solo instrument set against an orchestra |
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comprises 2 sections, a big group alternating with a small
ensemble. The big group is called “Tutti” or “Ripieno” (full), and the small group is called “Concertino.” |
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| the big ensemble group in a concerto grosso |
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| the small ensemble group in a concerto grosso setting |
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| a sonata comprising three staves or systems |
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| Keyboard instruments of the Baroque |
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| Clavichord, Harpsichord and Organ |
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“Red Priest.” Wrote “The Four Seasons,” a set of four violin
concertos, was very active in Venice. |
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written by Vivaldi, the “Red Priest.” A set of four violin concertos
based on word painting technique, it is a programmatic composition. |
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an oratorio written by Handel, based on Biblical texts and on the
scriptural account on the life of Jesus Christ. It comprises three sections: Christmas, Easter and Redemption. |
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set of dances. It comprises 4 dances, all in the same key. The order of
dances is: Allemande, Courante, Sarabande and Gigue. |
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composed by J. S. Bach, is a set of 48 Preludes and Fugues
in all keys, published in 2 volumes of 24 each. Advocated equal temperament tuning. |
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| means “flight,” “escape,” based on strict imitation. |
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| variations on a melody in the bass line. |
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| variations based on a succession of harmonies. |
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| wrote a “Treatise On Harmony.” |
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term that identifies the style of sensibility, style of sensitivity, the
Age of Enlightenment, characteristic of the Rococo or Galant Style. |
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| Carl Philippe Emanuel Bach |
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wrote “Essay On The True Art Of Playing Keyboard
Instruments.” Provides a detailed table of Baroque music ornaments (embellishments) |
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| a 75-year period connecting the Baroque period with the Classical period. |
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