Term
XRay film composition (inside to outside) |
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Definition
cellulose acetate base silver bromide gel
calcium tungstate |
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Term
Chemical activity >> xray film change |
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Definition
silver bromide >> silver halide |
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Term
XRay film exposed to radiation >> ...(color) |
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Definition
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Term
Body tissues, etc: "Very Radiolucent" |
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Definition
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Term
Body tissues, etc: "Moderately Radiolucent" |
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Definition
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Term
Body tissues, etc: "Intermediate" radiolucency |
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Definition
connective tissue muscle blood cartilage epithelium
cholesterol stones uric acid stones |
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Term
Body tissues, etc: "Moderately Radiopaque" |
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Definition
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Term
Body tissues, etc: "Very Radiopaque" |
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Definition
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Term
Importance of Xray positioning |
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Definition
prevent superimposition prevent magnification (focal-object and object-film distances) |
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Term
Types of C-Spine films typically taken (3) |
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Definition
neutral (cross-table) lateral AP AP open mouth |
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Term
Types of C-spine films taken in addition to 3 typical films (5) |
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Definition
L/R oblique Lateral, in flexion Lateral, in extension Pillar View (Wier) Swimmer's Lateral/Flying Angel |
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Term
Reason for "Swimmer's Lateral" Xray positioning |
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Definition
visualize C7 without imposition of shoulders |
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Term
Normal soft tissue shadow: ant to C2 |
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Definition
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Term
Normal soft tissue shadow: ant to C3-4 |
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Definition
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Term
Normal soft tissue shadow: ant to C5-7 |
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Definition
≤20mm (1 vertebral body width) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Alignment/Anatomy Bony integrity Cartilage/Disc space Soft tissue |
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Term
Xray exam: Alignment/Anatomy (7) |
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Definition
A/P vertebral body lines Spinolaminar line Jumped/locked facets Rotation of SpPr Loss of superimposition of lateral columns Loss of lordosis Kyphotic angulation |
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Term
Xray exam: Bony integrity (2) |
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Definition
Cortices & medullary portions of bones "Fat" C2 (C2 should be same size as C3 body) |
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Term
Xray exam: Cartilage/Disc space (4) |
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Definition
Widened predental space Abnormal IVD space Widened/naked facets Widened interspinous/inerlaminar distance |
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Term
Xray exam: Soft tisue (5) |
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Definition
widening of retropharyngeal space widening of retrotracheal space displacement of prevertebral fat stripe soft tissue mass in craniocervical junction tracheal/laryngeal deviation |
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Term
"Structure of the spine has been maintained after trauma such that further controlled motion has a low probability of causing or aggravating existing cord or nerve damage" |
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Definition
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Term
3-column model of the spine: Instability |
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Definition
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Term
3-column model of spine: Columns |
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Definition
Anterior: ant vertebral body, ALL, ant annulus Middle: post vertebral body, PLL, post annulus Posterior: vetebral arch, SS/IS ligts, capsule, ligt. flavum |
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Term
Vertebral injuries: Most often caused by forces that cause... |
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Definition
violent motion of head/trunk |
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Term
Factors affecting vertebral injury (4) |
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Definition
direction of forces magnitude/rate/duration of forces point of application of force position of head/neck/trunk at injury |
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Term
Damage to C spine has __% incidence of associated spinal cord damage |
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Definition
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Term
__% of all SCI occur in C spine |
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Definition
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Term
Reasons most cervical SCI survivors have lower C spine injury (2) |
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Definition
Vertebral canal is large at craniovertebral jxn (cord only takes up 50% of space) Complete C1-2 SCI >> diaphragm loss >> asphyxiate |
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Term
Most common cause of neurological injury = |
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Definition
hyperflexion injury (e.g. head-on MVA) |
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Term
Types of hyperflexion injury |
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Definition
Wedge/compression fx Flexion Teardrop fx Sublux/Dislocation of facets Clay Shoveler's fx |
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Term
Wedge fx: stable v. unstable |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
anterior cord syndrome (saggital fx >> post displacement of vertebral body fragments into cord) |
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Term
Sublux/Dislocation of facets: stable v. unstable |
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Definition
Bilat: highly unstable Unilat: typically stable (unless significant ligt damage) |
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Term
Unilat sublux/dislocation of facets: __% cord damage |
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Definition
30% incidence of cord damage (primarily Brown-Sequard or nerve root) |
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Term
Types of vertical compression injury (2) |
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Definition
Burst fx Jefferson fx of atlas |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
bilat fx of ant/post arches
disruption of transverse ligt (>>incr ADI) |
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Term
Types of extension injuries (3) |
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Definition
Dislocation Hangman's fx "Sprain" of cervical spinal column |
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Term
Extension dislocation injury >> |
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Definition
posterior cord syndrome, with motor & deep sensory impairments
(cord impinged between superior vertebra [displaced backward] and adjacent vertebra's posterior arch |
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Term
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Definition
bilat fx of C2 pedicles, with dislocation of C2-3 |
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Term
"Sprain" of cervical spinal column = |
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Definition
cord damage occurring without bony/ligt damage in presence of OSTEOPHYTES and/or narrowed canal |
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Term
Stable v. Unstable: anterior subluxation |
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Definition
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Term
Stable v. Unstable: unilat facetal dislocation |
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Definition
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Term
Stable v. Unstable: simple wedge fx |
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Definition
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Term
Stable v. Unstable: burst fx of lower C spine |
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Definition
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Term
Stable v. Unstable: post neural arch fx, atlas |
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Definition
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Term
Stable v. Unstable: pillar fx |
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Definition
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Term
Stable v. Unstable: clay-shoveler's fx |
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Definition
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Term
Stable v. Unstable: bilat facetal dislocation |
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Definition
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Term
Stable v. Unstable: flexion tear-drop fx |
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Definition
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Term
Stable v. Unstable: extension tear-drop fx |
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Definition
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Term
Stable v. Unstable: hangman's fx |
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Definition
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Term
Stable v. Unstable: Jefferson fx |
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Definition
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Term
Stable v. Unstable: hyperextension fx dislocation |
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Definition
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