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TEST 2 (CRJU) CH. 3 & 4
N/A
27
Criminal Justice
Undergraduate 3
03/14/2012

Additional Criminal Justice Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
hypothesis
Definition
an explanation that accounts for a set of facts that can be tested by further investigation. Also, something that is taken to be true for the purpose of an argument or investigation. 
Term
research
Definition
the use of standardized, systematic procedure in teh search for knowledge. 
Term
theory
Definition
a set of interrelated propositions that attempt to describe, explain, predict and control some class of events. Stregethned by it's logical consitency. 
Term
mala en se 
Definition
wrong it itself 
Term
mala prohibita
Definition
wrong only because there is a law against them.
Term
labeling theory 
Definition

sees continued crime as a consequence of the limited opportunities for acceptable behavior that follow from the negative responses of society to those defined as offenders. 

 

THE PERSON BECOMES THE THING HE IS DESCRIBED AS BEING. 

Term
classical school theory 
Definition

crime is caused by the individual exercise of free will. 

 

pain and pleasure central determinants.

 

crime is an immoral form of behavior.

 

prevention possible through swift and certain punishment that offsets any gains to be had through criminal behavior. 

Term
containment theory 
Definition

outer - depends on social roles and the norms and expectations that apply to them. something OUTWARDLY that keeps you from doing something. 

 

inner - having a conscience, a positive self image, doing the right thing. 

Term
chicago school 
Definition

explained criminality as a product of society's impact on the individual. 

 

demonstrates how a mind set and socialization with a kind of mind set impact the individuals. 

Term
biological theory 
Definition

basic determinants of human behavior, including criminal tendencies, are constitutionally or genetically based.

 

may be passed on from generation to generation. 

Term
chromosome theory 
Definition

xy - super male

 

more common in prisons that in the general population

more aggressive than other males and that he possessed greater height, thiness, acne, tendency towards homosexuality, somewhat low IQ, and tendency to committ crimes. 

 

BAD THEORY. 

Term
Freud's Psychoanalysis 
Definition

Id - soure of the drive (sexual urge)

 

Ego - rational mental entity - outline paths by which we fulfill the Id/ practical behavioral alternatives. (how do I fulfill this urge?)

 

Super Ego - the guiding principal - the conscience - judges the quality of the alternatives presented by the ego. (which is right and wrong?)

Term
sublimation 
Definition

the process by which one thing is substitued for another. 

 

crimes against women = earlier frustration/hate with mother in life 

Term
case law 
Definition

comes from judicial decisions and is referred to as the law of precedent. 

 

 

Term
statutory law 
Definition
"the law in the books" results of legislative action, known also as the law of the land. 
Term
common law 
Definition

law originating from usage and custom rather from written statuses. They are unwritten. 

 

cops only pull you over if you're going 10+ over the speed limit. 

Term
criminal law 
Definition
the body of rules and regulations that define and specify the nature of and punishments for offenses of a public nature of for wrongs committed against the state of society. 
Term
felony 
Definition
criminal offense punishable by death or penalty by one year or more in prison 
Term
misdemeanor 
Definition
an offense punishable by less than one year in prison 
Term
offenses
Definition
minor violations of the law that are less serious than misdemeanors (jaywalking).
Term
inchoate offense
Definition
conspiracy 
Term
treason/espionage
Definition
us citizens help a foreign govt overthrow the us govt. spying. 
Term
civil law 
Definition

goversn relationships between parties.

 

burden of proof is preponderance (believing one person over another), not beyond a reasonable doubt. 

 

liability > intent 

 

compensation > punishment 

Term
self defense
Definition
a legal defense in which the defendant admits to committing the act in question but claims it was necessary in order to avoid harm against themselves. 
Term
alibi 
Definition
based on the premise that the defendant is truly innocent 
Term
double jeopardy
Definition
no person may be tried twice for the same offense. 
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