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rapid appraisal-evaluation- of the personal significance of the situation, which prepares you for an action; expresses your readiness to establish, maintain, or change your relationship to the environment on a matter of importance to you
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evoked by the stimulus of the human face (the parent’s communication evokes a broad grin); first appears between 6 and 10 weeks
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weary or fretful reaction that infants and toddlers often display when approached by an unfamiliar person; peaks at 8 to 10 months
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humans are capable of a second, higher-order set of feelings including shame, embarrassment, guilt, envy, pride; named because of injury to or enhancement of our sense of self
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EMOTIONAL SELF-REGULATION
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strategies for adjusting our emotional state to a comfortable level of intensity so we can accomplish our goals
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a society’s rules specifying when, where, and how it is appropriate to express emotions
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involves relying on another person’s emotional reaction to appraise an uncertain situation. Can be used to teach children how to react to situations.
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involves a complex interaction of cognition and affect: The ability to detect different emotions, to take another’s emotional perspective, and to feel with that person, or respond emotionally in a similar way.
To develop the child has to understand that self is different from others.
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Prosocial or altruistic behavior
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actions that benefit another person without any expected reward for the self.
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The strong, affectionate tie we have with special people in our lives that leads us to experience pleasure when we interact with them and to be comforted by their nearness in times of stress.
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early appearing, stable individual differences in reactivity and self-regulation.
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quickly establishes regular routines in infancy, generally cheerful, and adapts easily to new experiences.
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irregular daily routines, is slow to accept new experiences, and tends to react negatively and intensely.
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inactive; shows mild, low-key reactions to environmental stimuli; negative in mood and adjusts slowly to new experiences.
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Infants use the parent as a secure base. When separated, the child may or may not cry but if they do it is because they prefer the parent over the stranger. When the parent does return they seek contact, and they reduce crying immediately. (60% of North American Infants)
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Infants seem unresponsive to the parent when she is present. When she leaves, they usually are not distressed, and they react to the stranger in much the same way as to the parent. During reunion, they avoid her or are slow to greet the parent, and when picked up fail to cling. (15% of North American Infants)
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Term
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Definition
Before being separated, these infants seek closeness to the parent and often fail to explore. When the parent leaves, they are usually distressed, and on her return they combine clinginess with angry, resistive behavior, struggling when held and sometimes hitting and pushing. Many continue to cry and cling after being picked up and cannot be comforted easily. (10%)
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Term
Disorganized/Disoriented Attachment
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Reflects the greatest insecurity. At reunion these infants show confused, contradictory behaviors. (Looking away while the parent is holding them or approaching the parent with flat, depressed, emotion. Most display a dazed facial expression, and a few cry out unexpectedly after having calmed down or display odd, frozen postures. (15%)
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Term
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Definition
responding promptly, consistently, and appropriately to infants and holding then tenderly and carefully. moderately related to attachment security in both biological and adoptive mother-infant pairs in diverse cultures. In contrast, insecurely attached infants tent to have mother who engage in less physical contact, handle them awkwardly, behave in a routine manner, and are sometimes negative, resentful, and rejecting, particularly in response to infant distress.
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Term
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Definition
separated the experiences of secure from insecure babies. it is best described as a sensitively tuned “emotional dance, in which the caregiver responds to infants signals in a well-timed, rhythmic, apporpiate fashion, and both partners match emotional states, especially the positives one. it helps infants to regulate emotions.
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