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Test 3 Health Assessment Geriatrics and Pediatrics
Test 3 Health Assessment Geriatrics and Pediatrics
78
Medical
Graduate
03/31/2015

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Term
geriatric patient is someone who is > ages
Definition
>65
Term
organ function decreases linear from age? by how much each year
Definition
linear decline in organ function starting at age 30 and decreasing by 1% each year.
Term
geriatric patients have a decrease in blood volume of ___%
Definition
20-30%
Term
is there increased or decreased collagen in elderly
Definition
decrease collagen so patient at more risk for injury
Term
increase or decrease pulse pressure in elderly
Definition
increase pulse pressurse
Term
aging causes increase or decrease thickness of arterial vessels
Definition
increase thickness
Term
In children does, Does SV, HR or contractility remain constant
Definition
SV stays constant but HR and afterload is very variable. HR is limited.
Term
regarding pulmonary changes for the geriatric; what happens to their airways and deadspace
Definition
Increase size of the large airspaces means increase physiological deadspace.
Term
aging process of the lungs resembles what disease
Definition
empysema
Term
why if elderly have significant decrease in GFR of their kidneys do they maintain a normal creatinine
Definition
Elderly have decrease muscle mass so they have decrease Cr that now looks normal despite decrease kidney function
Term
Neonatal is how old
Definition
first 28 days
Term
Preterm babies are how old
Definition
<34 weeks
Term
Term babies are how old
Definition
37-42 weeks
Term
normal birth weight is
Definition
>2500 g
Term
extremely low birth wweight is? very low birth weight is?
Definition
Extremely low birth weight <1,000g
Very low birth weight <1500 g
Low birth weight <2,500 g
Term
APGAR stands for
Definition
APGAR
A: appearance
P: Pulse
G: Grimace
A: Activity
R: Respiration
Term
highest apgar score is
Definition
10
Term
Normal APGAR score is obtained when? What is it
Definition
8-10 obtained 1 minute after birth and 5 min after birth.
Term
Normal HR for term neonatal
Definition
90-190
Term
normal RR for term neonatal
Definition
30-60
Term
Normal BP for neonatal term
Definition
SBP: 60-90
DBP: 40-60
Term
normal temp for neonatal term baby
Definition
37.5 (99.5)
Term
which fontanel closes first the anterior or posterior
Definition
posterior at 2 months
Term
when does the anterior fontanel close
Definition
4-26 months
Term
which fontanel is bigger; anteiror or posterior
Definition
anterior hence why it closes last.
Term
a baby with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is at high risk for
Definition
1. dehydration
2. contraction alkalosis from so much vomiting
Term
what is the estimated blood volume formula for a premature neonate?
2. full term neonate
3. 3-12 month old?
Definition
Just remember premature neonate is 90-100mL/kg. Then minus 10 mL/kg for full term neonate and minus 15mL/kg for 3-12 month old
Term
early childhood is years ___
Definition
1-4 years old
Term
childhood is years ___
Definition
5-10 years old
Term
CF is autosomal dominant or recessive
Definition
Recessive. Need both parents and the recessive from both either as carriers or infected.
Term
Sickle Cell anemia is an inherited disorder oft he ____ chain of adult Hb
Definition
Beta chain of adult Hb
Term
Dehydration for kids can be measured if urine output is
1. < ___ for mild dehydration
2. < ____ for moderate dehdyration
3. < ____ fo severe dehydration
Definition
<2mL / kg/hour for mild
Moderate < 1mL/kg/hr
Severe < 0.5mL/kg/hr
Term
for diagnosis of a upper resp infection in a child need any 2 of the following 8
Definition
1. sore throad
2. sneezing
3. rhinorrhea
4. congestion
5. malaise
6. non-productive cough
7. fever <101
8. LAryngitis
Term
adolescents are ages___
Definition
11-20 years old
Term
when is APGAR done
Definition
AT birth, 1 minute after and 5 minutes after
Term
APGAR at this interval correlates with intrauterine conditions
Definition
1 minute APGAR
Term
APGAR at this interval correlates with neonatal outcomes
Definition
5 minutes
Term
causes of microsomia? What percetile range
Definition
<10 percentile. Due to:
1. chormosomal defects
2. maternal HTN
3. Maternal Smoking
4. Maternal Drug use
5. Chronic placenta insufficiency
Term
diabetes causes microsomia or macrosomia
Definition
macrosomia
Term
For infants why are is their SV fixed? Whats this mean for CO
Definition
CO depends on HR!!! Since SV is fixed due to the fact the infant heart is not developed and lacks large amount of muscle.
Term
do infants have a normal respiratory rate
Definition
NO
Term
why are premature babies have labile TEMP
Definition
due to a lack of BROWN FAT
Term
a fever in infants is considered at a temp of
Definition
38 Celsius
Term
what are the sizes of the anterior and posterior fontanels
Definition
Anterior: 4-6 cm
Posterior: 1-2 cm
Term
is a runny nose by itself a sign of a URI
Definition
NOOOOOOOOO
Term
what part of the infant airway larger in proportion than adults
Definition
Tongue and epiglotits!
Term
Name for excessively large tongue
Definition
macroglossia
Term
What is the location of the cricoid in infacts compared to kids and aadults
Definition
Infants: cricoid at C4
Kids Cricoid c4-c5
>6 years Cricoid C6
Term
The larynx for a infant is located C?? compared to an adult who is c??
Definition
Infants: c2-C3 or C3-C4
Adults C4-C6
Term
most narrow part of adult airway compared to child airway
Definition
Adult: Vocal cords
Child: Cricoid cartilage. (Hence why an ETT can be cuffless and butt up against this with minimal air leak.)
Term
if a baby only has a ubilical cord with 1 artery and 1 vein that it is very likely they have what kind of abnormalities
Definition
renal abnormalities
Term
A baby with a scaphoid abdomen will like also have
Definition
a diaphragmatic hernia. Bowels have to go somewhere!
Term
Its is much more common to have a hernia in the left or right chest
Definition
5x more likely for left chest hernai than right.
Term
what is esophageal atresia
Definition
esophagus just ends as a pouch and never makes it to the stomach.
Term
Esophageal atresia is EXTREMELY common if baby also has this
Definition
trachea - esophagus fistula
Term
what is a omphalocele
Definition
GI organs end up outside of abdomen but are intact and covered by a peritonial layer.
Term
what is a impoerforated anus
Definition
NO BUTTHOLE
Term
Any GI abnormality for a baby is often associated with what other major organ defect and why?
Definition
Very common to coexist with heart defects since heart and GI develop around 3-7 weeks together.
Term
what is gastroschisis
Definition
bowel spills out through hole on abdomen. Later in development. Not associated with heart defects.
Term
Is gastroschisis or omphalocele have an intac t periteum protecting it
Definition
omphalocele only.
Term
if there is a delay between the femoral artery and brachial artery then baby may have?
Definition
coarctation of the aorta
Term
are murmurs common in children?
Definition
YES..can be benign
Term
ASD and VSD are cyanotic or acyanotic?
Definition
Acyanotic and close on their own.
Term
at what age is the child's total body water the same as an adult
Definition
6 months.
Term
premature total body water is? while newborns % is?
Definition
Premature: 85%
Newborn: 75%
Infants and adults 60%
Term
a newborn O2 consumption for infants compared to adults is
Definition
newborn: 5mL/kg/min
adult: 3 mL/kg/min
Term
What is the difference in FRC for newborns compared to adults (whats the mL/kg?)
Definition
Newborn: 22 mL/kg Adults: 34 mL/kg
Term
what is structurally different in kids than adults that can explain why they desaturate so fast
Definition
Kids have 1/2 number of alveoli and 1/20 the surface area for gas exchange. Kids keep making Alveoli until childhood. So less areas to exchange = more chance to desat when something goes wrong.
Term
what age does child heart rate begin to equal adults
Definition
age 15
Term
a sickle cell kid has what kind of HB
Definition
fetal Hb that constitutes 80's of their RBCs
Term
sickle cell involves a disorder to what chain of the Hb
Definition
Beta chain is replaced by gamma chains.
Term
what are some indicators of difficult child airway
Definition
Assymetric heads are good indicators of dificult airway. TMD an incisor distance don't correlate.
Term
what are two major concners with a down syndorme baby
Definition
1. atlanto-occipital instability
2. smaller than normal tracheas
3. 40% have congenital heart defects
4. 45% have OSA
Term
Signs of mandibular hypoplasia
Definition
1. retrognathic mandible (post to norm)
2. glosopitosis (downward disp of tongue)
3. Difficult airway!
Term
maxillary - midfacial hypoplasia have what comomn airway issue
Definition
severe OSA
Term
causes of epilgottitis
Definition
1. meningitis
2. group A strep
3. Candida albicans
Term
very evident sign of epiglotitis is
Definition
DROOLING
Term
a reactive airway may persis up to how long after a URI in children
Definition
6 weeks. children very sensitive
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