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| structure and function of DNA |
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| which of the following best demonstrates the unity of life? |
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| protists, not bacteria, have membrane bound nucleus |
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| protists and bacteria are grouped into different domains because |
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| species in the same ____ are more closely related than species in the same ____ |
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| which of the following should provide you with the most specific information about Bald Eagles |
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| a ____ is defined as a group of species that includes an ancestral species and all its descendants |
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| when comparing birds to other vertebrae tetrapods, having 4 appendages is a(n)_____ |
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| a grouping including only species X, Y, Z, and T makes up a ___ grouping |
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| a theory about nature should be the simplest explanation consistent with the facts. |
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| the unity of the mammalian limb morphology reflects the inheritance of that structure from |
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| evidence that corroborates anatomical unity in supporting the view of mammalian descent from a common ancestor. |
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| the star-nosed mole and marsupial mole look very similar yet they are not closely related. this is an example of_______ |
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| morphological similarities between modern species due to having a common ancestor is known as_____ |
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| morphological similarities between modern species due to convergent evolution are known as_____ |
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| refers to using comparisons of nucleic acids to deduce relatedness of taxa |
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| when analyzing paralogous genes in molecular clock studies, the number of ____ is proportional to the time since duplication |
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Definition
| orthologous genes are found in different taxa and indicate past_____ |
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| source of dat for determining phylogeny of species that diverged thousands of years ago. |
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| refers to the assumption that much of the evolutionary change in genes has no effect on fitness |
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| molecular comparisons are complicated by the fact that over long periods of time, insertions and deletions alter________ |
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| molecular clocks may experience irregularities as a result of_____ in which some DNA changes are favored over others |
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| the universal tree of life indicates that horizontal gene transfer have resulted in substantial gene interchange between the_____ |
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| describes a process in which individuals with certain inherited traits leave more offspring than individuals with other traits |
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| refers to characteristics of organisms that enhance their survival and reproduction in specific environments |
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| inheritance of acquired characteristics |
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Definition
| associated with the idea of "use and disuse" |
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| isolated sub-populations occurred |
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Definition
| darwin envisioned that an ancestral species could most readily "split" into two descendent species if______ |
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| Malthus concluded that since humans are capable of producing more offspring than can be supported by nature,_______ will ensue |
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| what is the oldest evidence of life on earth? |
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| earth's primordial atmosphere most likely contained methane, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide released from____ |
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Definition
| aggregates of abiotically produced molecules surrounded by a membrane |
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| RNA with enzyme like catalytic functions |
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| liposomes are easily synthesized in lab |
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Definition
| what is the strongest evidence that protobionts may have been formed spontaneously? |
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| natural selection acting on protobionts |
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Definition
| which of the following factors was the most important in the origin of life on earth? |
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Definition
| prior to the O2 revolution, heterotrophic prokaryotes were most likely |
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| the fossil record of the first major diversification of multicellular eukaryote corresponds to the end of the_______ |
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| based on _____, it appears that multicellular eukaryotes diverged from a common ancestor around 1.5 billion years ago |
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| chemical complexes of RNA or DNA protected by a protein |
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Definition
| which of these is the best description of a virus? |
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Definition
| the capsid of a virus is composed of_____ |
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| utilizing the cell's receptor molecules |
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Definition
| viruses identify and gain entrance to host cells by____ |
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| many of the temporary symptoms associated with viral infections, such as fever and aches, result from_____ |
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| ____ encoded by viral genes are capable of altering the diameter of pladmodesmata to allow passage of viral genomes |
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| this tumor virus has been associated with leukemia |
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| this sexually transmitted virus is associated with the inflammation of the liver |
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| this new vaccine on the market protects females from______infection (linked to cervical cancer) |
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| the flu-like epidemic of 1918-1919, which killed 40 million people, likely originated in _____ |
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Definition
| this emergent virus is transmitted by mosquitoes and causes encephalitis |
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Definition
| infection route in which a plant inherits the infection from the parent plant |
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Definition
| which of the following information transfers is catalyzed by reverse transcriptase? |
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Definition
| in the US, the most widespread pest-carried bacterial disease is ___, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi |
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Definition
| the assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen by certain prokaryotes into compounds used directly by plants |
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Definition
| _____ are small circular DNA molecules found in bacteria |
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Definition
which of the following does not belong with the rest:
- cyanobacteria
- stromatolites
- O2 releasing photosynthesis
- microbial mats
- eukaryotes
- nitrogen fixation
- CO2 using
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Definition
| this is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease |
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Definition
| due to antibiotic resistance, at least 16 strains of this bacterial sexually transmitted disease are known |
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Definition
| the endosymbiotic model of chloroplasts origin is supported by the observation that plastid DNA closely resembles that of_____ |
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Definition
| the hypothesis that chlorarachniophytes evolved when a heterotrophic eukaryote engulfed a green alga is supported by the presence of _______ |
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Definition
| the proposed ancestors of_____ were aerobic heterotrophic prokaryote that became endosymbionts |
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| in a world becoming increasingly aerobic, and anaerobe would have benefited greatly from ____ as endosymbionts |
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Definition
| photosynthetic protists are commonly referred to as______ |
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| in ____ communities, the main producers are photoautotrophic protists and prokaryotes. |
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| population numbers for aquatic protists are often held in check by low concentrations of nitrogen and_______? |
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Definition
| when looking at a cladogram of protists, it is obvious that the Kingdom Protista is______ |
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Definition
| in ciliates, the process that produces genetic variation through the exchange of nuclei is ______ |
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Definition
| Phytophythora ramorum, an oomycete, is/was the causative agent of____ |
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Definition
| Naegleria, a(n)____, may cross the nasal lining in humans and destroy the brain |
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Definition
| Giardia is an unusual eukaryote in that it lacks fully functioning____ |
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Definition
| _______, the causative agent of Chagas disease,is unusual in that is possess kinetoplastids |
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Definition
fungi include all of the following except:
- predators
- decomposers
- symbionts
- absorptive heterotrophs
- photoautotrophs
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Definition
| as the ____ grows into an unexploited pile of leaves, exoenzymes appear in the food source soon there after. |
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| saprobic or parasitic fungi found in freshwater that produce flagellated spores |
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Definition
| produce heterokaryotic structures capable of persisting through unfavorable environmental conditions |
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| sexual reproduction involves the production of spores in a sac |
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| important decomposer off wood that can grow for years in the heterokaryotic stage |
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Definition
| about 90% of all plant species have mutualistic partnerships with this group |
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Definition
| _____, a single celled fungus, is the causative agent of vaginal yeast infections |
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Definition
| ______, a single celled fungus, is known as baker's yeast and brewer's yeast |
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Definition
| fungus responsible for the destruction of the american chestnut trees in the early 1900's |
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| ____, an ascomycete, is/was the causative agent of dutch elm disease |
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