Term
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Definition
| The general structure of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
Base Pairs of DNA
e.g. (T-A) (C-G) |
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Definition
| Parallel, however, atoms run conversely |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Semi-conservative Replication |
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Definition
| Half of the new molecules come from the original molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| Semi-conservative replication; the way DNA replicates |
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Term
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Definition
| Positively charged proteins in the cell nucleus that bind to the negatively charged DNA |
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Term
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Definition
Repeating units of chromatin, each consisting of a length of DNA wound around a complex of eight histones
=Spool & Thread |
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Term
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Definition
| The complex of DNA and protein that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| Structures in the cell nucleus that consist of chromatin and contain the genes |
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Term
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Definition
| The carrier of genetic information |
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Term
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Definition
S-strain: Has capsule; causes disease
R-strain: NO capsules, does NOT cause disease
Living R-strain cells mixed w/heat-killed S-strain, converted to S-strain cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacterial Transformation: A substance that directs production of traits can be passed from one bacterial cell to another |
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Term
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Definition
Studied algae; cren and med cap forms
-cap
-stalk
-holdfast (contains nucleus)
If caps were cut off they matched the stalk
If done AGAIN, then it matched the holdfast |
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Term
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Definition
There's a chemical in the nucleus used to repair the stalk
1st time: Enough chemical to repair, so matched stalk
2nd time: Less of chemical, so it had to travel from nucleus & thus matched it |
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Term
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Definition
Repeated Griffith's work, found that the TRANSFORMING SUBSTANCE in purified DNA from isolated S-strain bacteria
Spool of Thread
Thread= DNA
Spool= Protein |
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Term
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Definition
| Viruses get into the cell & fool it into thinking its part of the cell *by injecting its nucleic acid* and then replicate, thus killing the healthy cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Studied DNA using X-ray diffraction, revealing a ladder-like basic structure |
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Term
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Definition
Described the exact structure of DNA.
2 polynucleotide chains arranged in a DOUBLE HELIX |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of making RNA from DNA |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Where does transcription occur? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| RNA + Amino Acids to make polypeptides |
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Term
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Definition
1) Genetic code
2) Triplet code
3) Universal code
4) Redundant code |
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Term
| Where are codons and anticodons used? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the codons located? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the anticodons located? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| mRNA + up to 15 ribosomes |
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Term
| What fixes DNA replication mistakes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the biological catalysts |
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Definition
1) heat
2) pressure
3) chemicals
4) enzymes |
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Term
| What suffix do most enzymes have? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
BREAKING DOWN reactions
-A large molecule into a smaller one
-RELEASES energy |
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Term
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Definition
BUILDING UP reactions
-A larger molecule is formed from smaller ones
-USES energy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two steps of respiration? |
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Definition
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Term
| Process of Catabolic Combustion |
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Definition
| Glucose heat -> CO2 + H20 + heat energy |
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Term
| Process of Catabolic Oxidation |
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Definition
| Glucose enzymes -> CO2 + H20 + chemical energy |
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Term
| How efficient are Oxidation/Combustion? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Oxidation the opposite of? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does Anaerobic Respiration require oxygen? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does Anaerobic Respiration occur? |
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Definition
| In the cytoplasm of a cell |
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Term
| What is the NET GAIN of Anaerobic Respiration? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What happens during Anaerobic Respiration? |
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Definition
| Glucose is converted to 2 molecules (pyruvic acid) |
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Term
| Does Aerobic Respiration require oxygen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens during Aerobic Respiration? |
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Definition
| Pyruvic Acid is converted to CO2 & H20 |
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Term
| Where does Aerobic Respiration occur? |
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Definition
| In the mitochondria of the cell |
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Term
| What is the NET GAIN of Aerobic Respiration? |
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Definition
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Term
| Two examples of where the Anaerobic Fate of Pyruvic Acid happens1 |
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Definition
1) Bacteria
2) Muscle Cells |
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Term
| Another name for alcohol fermentation |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the product of Pyruvic decarboxylation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the product of Lactic Acid fermentation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the chemicals pertaining to glycolisis? |
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Definition
1) Alanine Amination
2) Aspartic Amination
3) Glumatic Amination |
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Term
| What are the chemicals pertaining to the Citric Acid Cycle? |
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Definition
1)Citric
2)Cis-aonitic
3)Isocitric
4)Oxalosuccinic
5)Alpha-keto-glutaric
6)Intermediate
7) Succinic
8)Fumaric
9)L-malic
10)Oxaloacetic |
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Term
| What is Pyruvic Acid formed from? |
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Definition
| Phospho-glycerol, glycerol, and fatty acids |
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Term
| Process of Photosynthesis? |
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Definition
1)Carbon and Water are taken in
2)They combine with light and chlorophyll
3)The plant then produces Oxygen, glucose and water |
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Term
| Example of balanced Photosynthesis Equation |
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Definition
6CO2 + 12H20 light C6H2O6 + 6H20 + 6 02
----->
chlorophyll |
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Term
| The 3 phases of Photosynthesis |
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Definition
1)Photolysis
2)Photophosphorylation
3)Calvin Cycle |
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