Four craftsman are required,

1.) Parchment makers, transform animal skins into       vellum.

 2.) Scribes, sharpen thier own quills and amke thier own paint.

 3.) Illuminators, often worked in teams to decorate the pages.

4.) Binders, used metal clasps, leather ties, or fabric ties to keep the manuscript together.

REALISM

Expressive brush strokes, but of a more fine quality than the romanticists.

Depictions of agriculture and animals. Dirty "real life" palate of dusty greys and browns.

Subject matter based on contemporary life, sometimes of a less dramatic nature - even banal;

Mythology and history were not depicted;

The painter had to have direct esperience with the subject.

No, subject matter was of the present w/o added drama.

Neo-Classical's were influenced by Greek Mythology.

IMPRESSIONISM

Colors are placed next to each other and often blending into one color from a distence.

Loose lines versus precise lines of neo-classical movement.

Black paint is avoided.

Capturing the "moment".

Visible short thick brush strokes.

Emphasis on light and its changing qualities.

Movement.

Outdoor scenes.

SPACE..Very difficult to define in words. Perspective is used to create a sense of space in 2D works.

LINES----

Actual Line-Artist physically uses a line in thier art. Physic Line- Viewers attention is directed to make a MENTAL connection without using a line.

Implied Line - The artist connects various points to create a mental solid line.

VALUE--Refers to the range of dark to light as well as the variation of different views.

TEXTURE - Two different types of texture.

1. Tactile Texture-Allows viewer to touch and feel the texture.

2. Visual Texture-Presents the illusion of texture but is smooth to the touch.

SHAPE-- A 2D area defined by line, value , or color. VOLUME--3D area.

COLOR--Very important. Color greatly affects feelings and perceptions. Red=warm, Blue=cool.

Principles, used to combine elements to compose the work.

RHYTHM--Repetition of elementsthat are visually the same or slightly different, sand dunes.

 ALTERNATING RHYTHM--two different motifs in an alternating pattern, xoxoxo.

BLANCE--allocation of weight within a composition. Symetrical Balance-mirror images on each side of a central axis.

Asymetrical balance-objects are not the same bur are arranged to give the viewer a sense of balance by equal viaual weight.

Radial Balance-artist uses a central focal point from which everything else radiates.