1. Which of the following term(s) is associated with secreting their products into the interstitial fluid surrounding the secretory cells rather than into ducts?

a. Liver cells

b. Exocrine glands

c. Endocrine glands

d. Both B and C

e. None of the above

2. what is a major difference in the action of a water soluble hormone versus a lipid soluble hormone?

a. How they diffuse through blood

b. How the mRNA is transcribed

c. The use of a second messenger

d. Only one type needs a hormone receptor

e. Lipid hormone are not found in the bloodstream

3. Which of the following is not considered a water-soluble hormone?

a. Amine hormone

b. Thyroid hormone

c. Peptide hormone

d. Eicosanoidhormone

e. Both A and B

4. Which of the following statements do not accurately describe the anterior pituitary?

a. Also called the adenohypophysis

b. Has two parts referred to as the infundibulum and the Pars nervosa

c. Does not synthesize hormone

d. Both B and C

e. All of the above

5. Which blood glucose lowering hormone is produced by the pancreatic islet cells?

a. Insulin

b. Plasma proteins

c. Blood cotting factors

c. Thyroid hormones

e. Calitonin

6. Corticotrphs secrete _____ and _____ which stimulates the adrenal cortes to secrete glucocorticoids such as cortisol.

a. FSH and LH

b. TSH and hGH

c. hGH and prolactin

d. ACTH and melanocyte-stimulating hormone

7. Which of the following hormone(s) is not secreted by the anterior pituitary cell?

a. FSH

b. LH

c. ADH

d. Prolactin

e. Both A and B

8. When the effect of two hormones acting together is greater or more extensive than the effect of each hormone acting alone, the two hormones are said to have a:

a. Permissive effect

b. Synergistic effect

d. Antagonist effect

d. Local effect

9. Which of the following hormones can diffuse through the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane and bind to receptors inside target cells?

a. Amines

b. Pepties

c. Nitric Oxide

I. Steroid hormones

e. Both C and D

10. Which hormone promotes metabolic rate?

a. Insulin

b. Adrenocorticotropic hormone

c. Glucagon

d. Thryoid hormone

e. Calcitonin

11. When a hormone is deficient, the number of target cells may become more "sensitive". This phenomenon is known as:

a. Down-regulation

b. Up-regulation

c. late-regulation

d. Both A and B

17. The hematocrit is composed of

a. WBC

b. Platelets

c. RBC

d. Plasma

e. proteins

18. Which of the follwing plasma proteins plays a role in disease resistance?

a. Albumins

b. Globulins

c. Fibbrinogens

d. Myoglobin

e. Hemoglobin

19. the process by which formed elements of the blood develop is called:

a. hematocritation

b. Hemopoisesis

c. Albumin genesis

d. Immunology

e. None of the above

20. A megakaryoblast will develop into

a. Red blood cell

b. White blood cell

c. Platelet

d. Both b and c

e. None of the above

21. This hormone stimulates proliferation of red blood cells in red bone marrow

a. EPO

b. TPO

c. Human growth hormone

d. Calcitonin

e. Folliclestimulating hormone

22. A red blood cell without a nucleus is called a

a. Proerythroblast

b. Cytokine

c. Precursor cell

d. Interleukin

e. Reticulocyte

23. Which of the flowwing reduces blood loss?

a. Erythrocyte

b. Platelet

c. Lymphocyte

d. Basophil

e. Neutrophil

Which of the following provides immune responses?

a. Eosinophil

b. macrophage

c. Lymphocyte

d. Basophil

e. Platelet

25. Which of the flowwing is not agranular leukocyte?

a. Monocytes

b. Macrophage

c. Lymphocyte

d. basophil

e. All of the above

26. The provess of a white blood cell squezing between cells to exit the blood vessel is called

a. Emigration

b. Wandering

d. Adhesion

d. Hempoiesis

e. Phagocytosis

27. Which methods provide hemostasis?

a. vascular spams, clotting, polycythemia

b. hemolysis, vascular spasm, platelet plug formation

c. emigration, clotting, hemolysis

d. platelet plug formation, vascular spasm, clotting

e. anemia, hemogenesis, platelet plug formation

28. Which statement does not accurately describe a red blood cell?

a. Biconcase disk

b. Composed of a ring-like non-protein pigment called heme

c. Composed of 4 polypeptide chains

d. Life cycle of 100-120 days

e. Red blood cell generate ATP aerobically

29. Which is NOT a major funciton of the blood?

a. Transportation of nutrients

b. Regulation of blood pH

c. Protection against disease infection

d. Transportation of heat

e. Production of oxygen

30. during hemopoiesis, some of the myeloid stem cells differentiate into

a. Progenitor cells

b. Enzymes

c. Plasma proteins

d. Heme molecules

e. Nitric oxide

31. This is the layer that surrounds and protects the heart

a. Pericardium

b. Parietal layer

c. Myocardial tissue

d. Mediastinum

e. Endocardium

32. This heart structure carries deoxygenated blood.

a. Left atrium and ventricle

b. Left atrium only

c. Right atrium and ventricle

d. Right ventricle only

e. Left artrium and right ventricle

33. The inside of the ventricles contain a series of ridges formed by raised bundles of cardia muscle fibers which help to convey part of the conduction system of the heart.

a. Chordae tendineae

b. Petinate muscles

e. Papillary muscles

d. Trabeculae carneae

e. None of the above

34. This area is considered the thickest chamer of the heart and works harder tan any other region to maintain equal rate of blood flow:

a. Right Atrium only

b. Right Ventricle

c. Left Atrium only

d. Left Ventricle

e. Both A and B

35. Which valve below preents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle?

a. Tricuspid valve

b. Bicuspid valve

c. Pulmonary valve

d. Aortic valve

e. Pulmonary vein

36. What types of tissue comprise the valves of the heart?

a. Dense connective tissue

b. Areolar connective tissue

c. Hyaline cartilage

d. Cardia muscle

37. Through which structure does blood pass from the right atrium to the right ventricle?

a. Bicuspid valve

b. Interventricular septum

c. Tricuspid valve

d. Mitral valve

e. Ascending aorta

38. In the diagram, where is the coronary sulcus? Fig 1

a) C

b) E

c) G

d) H

e) I

39. In the diagra, where is the left auricle of left atrium? Fig 1

a. C

b. F

c. G

d. H

e. I

40. In the diagra, where is the ascending aorta? Fig 1

a. A

b. B

c. D

d. F

e. H

40. In the diagra, where does the blood pass from the right atrium into the right ventrile? Fig 2

a. a

b. B

c. C

d. D

e. E

42. In the diagram, where is the aortic valve? Fig 2

a. A

b. B

c. C

d. B and D

e. B, D, and A

43. The flow of deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and the return of oxygenated blood from the lungs is called:

a. Systemic circulation

b. Coronary Circulation

c. Pulmonary Circulation

d. Both A and B

e. None of the above

44. The routes through which oxygenated blood flows from the left ventricle through the aorta to all the organs of the body is called:

a. Systemic Circulation

b. Coronary Circulation

c. Pulmonary Circulation

d. Both A and B

e. None of the above

45. Which ove is the pluripoten stem cell? Figure 3

a. A

b. B

c. C

d. D

e. G

46. Which one is the precursor cells or "blasts"? Figure 3

a. A and B

b. B and D

c. B and C

d. D and G

e. F and I

47. Which one is the thrombocyte? Figure 3

a. A

b. B

c. C

d. D

e. I

48. Which one is the lymphoid stem cell? Figure 3

a. A

b. B

c. C

d. D

e. I

49. These cells secrete glucagon.

Word Bank: Alpha or A cells     Beta or B cells   

Delta or D cells    F cells

50. These cells secrete Somatostatin.

Word Bank: Alpha or A cells     Beta or B cells   

Delta or D cells    F cells

51. These cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide.

Word Bank: Alpha or A cells     Beta or B cells   

Delta or D cells    F cells

52. These cells secrete insulin.

Word Bank: Alpha or A cells     Beta or B cells   

Delta or D cells    F cells

53. Which of the following hormones lower blood glucose level by accelerating transport of glucose into cells and converting glucose into glycogen.

a. Glucagon

b. Somatostatin

c. Insulin

d. Pancreatic polypeptide

e. Both A and B

Question I

Describe the life cycle of a red blood cell. Include in your response a stimulus, how and where cells enter circulation, in addition to thwat, where and how components are broken down.

Question 2

Describe the role of the hypothalamus in the regulation of the pituitary gland. Include in your response, portal structres and portal system, hormones and structural regions within the pituitary gland.