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| how do you determine heart rate from an ECG? |
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Definition
count the number of small squares between each ECG complex.
divide that number into 1500 |
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Term
| one small box on the ECG is equal to how many millimeters? |
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Definition
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| where does lead 2 go too? |
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Definition
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| how do you obtain 6 chest leads? |
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Definition
| place electrodes as six different positions around the chest |
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Term
| where are leads V3 and V4 located? |
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Definition
| over the intraventricular septum |
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Term
| where are leads V1 and V2 located? |
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Definition
| over the right side of the heart |
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Term
| where are leads V5 and V6 located? |
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Definition
| over the left side of the heart |
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Term
| what are you looking for with a premature arterial contraction? |
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Definition
premature contraction with a visible P wave
compensatory pause |
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Term
| what are you looking for with an atrial flutter? |
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Definition
flutter appearance, but R waves are present and relatively regular (normal QRS complex)
beating really fast 300bpm |
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Term
| the P wave represents the ___ contraction. |
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Definition
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| the R wave represents the ___ contraction. |
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Definition
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Term
| where should the heart beat originate? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are you looking for with atrial fibrillation? |
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Definition
| undulating baseline, no P wave, R waves are irregular |
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Term
| If the P wave is upside down, not present, or occurs after the QRS complex, then the beat is _____ in origin. This is called a _____. |
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Definition
junctional
premature junctional beat |
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Term
| what is happening in a junctional beat? |
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Definition
| the AV node is creating the rhythm of the heart |
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Term
| what are you looking for with supra ventricular tachycardia? |
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Definition
| P waves are not clearly shown, normal QRS complex |
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Term
| if the ECG complex is large and atypical it is a ____. how is this shown on the ECG? |
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Definition
premature ventricular contraction
very wide QRS complex |
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Term
| when there are 6 or more PVCs per minute this is known to be__. |
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Definition
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Term
| when are PVCs multifocal? what does this mean? |
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Definition
when they differ in appearance
means they originate from different points in the ventricles |
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Term
| when PVCs occur every other beat, they are____. every third beat? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| when two PVC occur in a row |
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Term
| what is seen on the ECG with ventricular tachycardia? |
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Definition
a continuous series of PVCs in a row
QRS complex is widened
large up and down waves |
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Term
how is paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia produced?
how does it look on an ECG? |
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Definition
a rapid discharging ventricular ectopic focus
characteristic pattern with enormous ventricular complexes |
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Term
| how is ventricular flutter shown on the ECG? |
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Definition
undulating waves seen rising and falling
looks like v. tach but a lot faster |
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Term
| what is not happening during ventricular flutter? |
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Definition
| the ventricles are not filling with blood |
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Term
how is ventricular fibrillation shown on the ECG?
what does this represent? |
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Definition
multiple, disorganized contractions
cardiac arrest |
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Term
| how do you know the person has a 1st degree AV block? |
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Definition
| the P-R interval is longer than one large square or 5 small blocks(.2 sec) an no missed beats |
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Term
how do you know if the person has a 2nd degree AV block?
what is another name for this? |
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Definition
the cycle runs continuously and the P-R interval gets longer and longer until a beat is dropped and then starts over
Wenckebach |
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Term
| when the cycle runs continuously and the P-R interval gets longer and longer until a beat is dropped and then starts over, what is this called? |
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Definition
Mobitz 1 2nd degree AV block
Wenckebach |
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Term
| when the beats are dropped but while the P-R interval is longer than normal but doesn't change length is called what? |
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Definition
| Mobitz 2 2nd degree AV block |
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Term
how do you identify a 3rd degree AV block on the ECG?
what is happening in the heart? |
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Definition
look for a very slow ventricular rate
the atria and the ventricles are beating independently from each other (rhythmically but at different rates) |
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Term
| what will fix a 3rd degree AV block? |
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Definition
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Term
how do you identify a Right Bundle Branch Block?
what does this mean? |
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Definition
in V1 or V2 you will see two R waves and the QRS complex will be 3 small squares wide or greater
also see a broad S wave in Lead 1
there is a delay on the right side of the heart |
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Term
how do you identify a Left Bundle Branch Block?
what does this mean? |
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Definition
| in V5 or V6 you will see an R wave that has two points |
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Term
| what is it called with a Bundle Branch Block occurs in leads other than V1/V2 or V5/V6? |
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Definition
| idioventricular conduction decay |
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Term
| where is the normal conduction path of the heart (normal axis)? |
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Definition
| downward from upper right to lower left |
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Term
| how do you find the axis of the heart? |
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Definition
draw quadrants
negative on left and top
positive on right and bottom
look at the QRS complex in Lead 1 and AVF
up means its pointing at the positive electrode |
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Term
in what leads do you look for a Right Atrial Abnormality?
what are you looking for? |
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Definition
2,3, AVF and V1
tall peaked P waves (more than 1 small block) |
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Term
in what leads do you look for a Left Atrial Abnormality?
what are you looking for? |
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Definition
V1
a diphasic P wave, looks like a camel back |
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Term
| where and what are you looking for with Right Ventricular Hypertrophy? |
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Definition
V1 and possible V2
the QRS complex will be positive, large R wave, inverted T wave
LOOK FOR LARGE R WAVE |
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Term
| where and what are you looking for with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy? |
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Definition
V1 and V5
the QRS complex in V1 and V5 will be abnormal led tall/deep
count the small blocks in V1 and V5 of the QRS complex if the are greater than 35 |
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Term
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Definition
| an insufficient blood supply must commonly caused by occlusion of a coronary artery |
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Term
| how do you identify ischemia on the ECG? |
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Definition
inverted T wave (but not reliable)
ST SEGMENT DEPRESSION OF MORE THAN 2 BLOCKS |
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Term
| how do you identify ST segment depression? |
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Definition
| identify the j point and count 2 blocks to the right |
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Term
| how do you identify infarction on the ECG? |
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Definition
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Term
| if you see t wave depression with an infarction how long after has this occurred? |
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Definition
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Term
| if the infarction occurs in lead V1-V4 this is a(n) ____infarction. |
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Definition
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Term
| if the infarction occurs in Leads 1 and AVL this is a(n) _____infarction. |
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Definition
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Term
| if the infarction occurs in Leads 2,3, and AVF this is a(n) ___infarction. |
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Definition
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Term
| if the ST segment is depressed in in the "V" leads this is a ____infarction. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the first hour to hour an a half before the heart muscle is damaged |
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Term
| when does permanent damage occur with an infarction? |
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Definition
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Definition
| Right Ventricular Hypertrophy |
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