Term
| Name and explain the parts of an informed consent (open ended) |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 differences between qualitative and quantitative studies and examples(open ended) |
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Definition
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Term
| Name and explain parts of a research study (open ended) |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain the advantages and disadvantages of between and within group studies (open ended) |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes change in the dependent variable? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the variable that researchers can change? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the variable that researchers cant change and why? |
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Definition
| Dependent variable because it is the outcome of the independent variable |
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Term
| How many independent and dependent variables must be present in a study? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an experimental study? |
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Definition
| Its a study when researchers give treatments and observe if they cause changes in behavior? |
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Term
| What is something experimental studies have but nonexperimental studies don't? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a nonexperimental study? |
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Definition
| Its a study that researchers don't provide treatments for, they observe the participants to describe them as they naturally exist. |
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Term
| What is a form of unbiased sampling? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the forms of biased sampling? |
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Definition
| Sample of convenience, volunteerism, and if the study doesn't consider all of a population |
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Term
| What makes a study valid? |
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Definition
| If it measures what it is designed to measure and accurately performs what is it supposed to |
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Term
| What makes a study reliable? |
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Definition
| It has consistent results |
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Term
| Can you have validity without reliability? |
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Definition
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Term
| Can you have reliability without validity? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is validity or reliability more important? |
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Definition
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Term
| What must a test have to be useful |
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Definition
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Term
| What does internal validity question? |
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Definition
| Is this treatment responsible for the observed change? |
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Term
| What does external validity question? |
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Definition
| The whom and under what circumstances can results be generalized? |
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Term
| What is the dependent variable called? |
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Definition
| Presumed effect, "Y", the measured variable, criterion, response, outcome |
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Term
| What sis the independent variable called? |
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Definition
| Presumed cause, "X", the changeable variable, the predictor, stimulus, input |
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Term
| A fitness instructor is concerned with pretest to posttest differences in percent body fat for subjects involved in water aerobics training class. What type of experiment design is it? |
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Definition
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Term
| Quantitative research asks the how or why to explore research topic areas, whereas qualitative research relies on numerical data to reach results and conclusions. (T/F) |
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Definition
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Term
| A researcher wants to examine if there are gender differences for attitudes toward exercise. The dependent variable is gender and the attitude toward exercise is the independent variable (T/F) |
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Definition
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Term
| The major steps in performing the study are typically found in the |
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Definition
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Term
| The proposed hypothesis or research question is often found at the end of the |
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Definition
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Term
| Determining the number of times per day a cat uses the litter box. What type of study design is this and why? |
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Definition
| Observational (cant make a cat poop so it not an experimental design because youre not enforcing a treatment, so its nonexperimental design) |
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Term
| Determine whether Gatorade or water is better for bicycle time trial completion time. What type of study design is this and why |
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Definition
| Within-group because you can use the person as their own control for the study and can be in both groups |
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Term
| Determine whether males or females consume more fluid during a marathon. what type of study design is this and why |
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Definition
| Observational because you cant make someone run the marathon |
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Term
| Investigating the effect of daily aspirin use for cancer prevention. what type of study design is this and why |
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Definition
| Quasi experimental because the independent variable and group assignment is not controlled by the instructors |
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Term
| Determining whether training for 2 months while holding your breath for 25 meters or breathing every 4 strokes leads to faster swim times. what type of study is this and why |
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Definition
| Between group because participants cant be in both groups because the cooling off period would be to long |
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Term
| What are the threats to internal validity? |
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Definition
| History, maturation, mortality, instrumentation, testing, statistical regression, and selection |
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Term
| What are the threats of external validity |
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Definition
| selection bias, reactive effects of experimental arrangements, pretest sensitization, multiple treatment interference |
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Term
| What cant a quasi experiment control? |
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Definition
| Participant assignment and the independent variable |
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Term
| What would the concept of reliability would be most closely associated with? |
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Definition
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Term
| If a test is measuring what it is designed to measure, it is said that the test is |
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Definition
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Term
| A variable that you control for your study is called (the variable that can have a negative effect on your study) |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you determine cause and effect (3 things) and name a few ways we do this well |
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Definition
1)An effect cant happen without a cause
2)The cause must come before the effect
3)They must happen in a short time period of eachtoher
-Organiztiona and eliminating possibilities of confounding variables |
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Term
| Why are casual-comparative studies and correlational studies not exactly the same? |
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Definition
| Because a correlational study does not equal a cause and effect |
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Term
| What is a hypothesis and what are the 3 types (name and explain) |
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Definition
-A theory based on other data
1)Research hypothesis: directional (Clearly stated cause and effect/ If this happens than blank happens)
2)Null hypothesis: (Ho) nonspecific (there is no relationship between 2 variables)
3)Alternative hypothesis: (H1)nonspecific (here is a relationship between variables but isn't specific) |
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Term
| The risk of developing lung cancer among smokers and non-smokers. (Observational or experimental and why) |
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Definition
| Observational because you cant make someone smoke and get lung cancer |
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Term
| Determine if pickle juice is good rehydration beverage (Observational or experimental and why) |
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Definition
| Experimental because you can tell the participant to drink pickle juice |
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