Term
| What are the big 4 natural fibers? |
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Definition
1. wool
2. silk
3. cotton
4. linen |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What elements make up wool? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Increased cohesion, bulk, resiliency, elongation, and soft hand |
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Term
| Steps of Wool Production are... |
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Definition
1. Shearing
2. Sorting
3. Scouring (carbonization, looks clumpy)
4. Carding (combing/arranged)
5. Sliver
6. Spinning (yarn production, twisted into strands)
7. Woolen |
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Term
| The processing of wool is... |
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Definition
| Yarn formation to Finishing |
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Term
| Wool Product Labeling Act (1939): label must contain.. |
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Definition
-fiber content
-% of fibers by weight
-manufacturer
-country of origin |
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Term
| Which wool is the best insulator? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which wool is the rarest, softest, and finest? |
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Definition
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Term
| What protein is in Spider Silk? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the properties of spider silk? |
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Definition
-5x strength of steel
-elasticity
-lightweight |
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Term
| What are the uses of silk? |
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Definition
-ballistic (bullet proof)
-aerospace (protection)
-medical (sutures, artificial ligaments) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Characteristics of SIlk... |
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Definition
1. Silk is a natural filament,
2. has sericin
3. very lustrous |
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Term
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Definition
| When Sericin is removed from silk |
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Term
| Name some silk finishes... |
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Definition
-more dyability
-more luster
-softens hand
-lower weight, body |
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Term
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Definition
| natural or manufactured substance with high length to width ratio |
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Term
| Name 3 qualities of fibers |
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Definition
1. Hair-like
2. smallest component of a textile product
3. possess suitable characteristics for further processing |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of fibers twisted or laid together to form a continuous strand that influences the texture and performance of fabrics. |
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Term
| What is a textile product? |
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Definition
| Any flexible material which is made of thin films, fibers, yarns, or fabrics. |
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Term
| For fiber to be used in a textile product, it has to have: |
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Definition
1. length
2. stength/tenacity
3. pliability
4. cohesion |
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Term
| Fibers environmental resistance: |
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Definition
1. chemicals
2. UV light
3. Weather (including light)
4. biological (organisms)
5. flame (resists burning)
6. Heat (resists high temps) |
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Term
| Name 3 Cellulosic fibers: |
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Definition
1. Seed (cotton: coir, milkweed)
2. Bast (linen: juste, ramie, hemp, kenaf)
3. Leaf (pina, abaca, sisal) |
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Term
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Definition
-pounding
-smooth surface
-close spaces between yarns
-increased luster & drape |
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Term
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Definition
-polygon shape
-fibril bundles
-lumen visible |
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Term
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Definition
-nodes (nodules)
-rigid rod; no crimp |
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Term
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Definition
-strong
-absorbent
-biological resistant
-decreased elongation and elastic recovery |
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Term
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Definition
-cordage
-twine
-thread/shoe stitching
-apparel
-accessory items |
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Term
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Definition
| Paper application that doesn't yellow quickly |
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Term
| External Morphology (form) of Long Filament |
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Definition
-no fiber ends
-little/no pilling
-measured in yd/m
-spinneret extrusion |
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Term
| External Morphology of Short Staple |
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Definition
-measure in in/cm
-fibers ends visible
-absorbent
-DOES pill/lint
-staple fibers are spun yarns |
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Term
| External Morphology of Fiber Diameter |
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Definition
Natural-given
-micrometers
-irregular
mf=controlled |
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Term
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Definition
wt. of 9,000 m
Tex=wt. of 1,000 m |
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Term
| External Morphology of Fiber Cross Section |
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Definition
Natural=irregular
MF=uniform
influences are: luster, cover, hand, texture, bulk |
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Term
| External Morphology of Surface Contour |
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Definition
-influenced by cross-section
Striations: shadow lines
Delusterants: specks |
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Term
| External Morphology of Fiber Crimp |
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Definition
-Waves, bends, twists on shaft
-natural, chemical, mechanical |
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Term
| Internal Morphology: Chemical Structure |
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Definition
-Activer/inert
-Fibers have C-C structure (except mineral) |
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Term
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Definition
basic unit
(mono-mer vs poly-mer) |
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Term
| Good Characteristics of Protein Fibers |
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Definition
-high resiliency
-high elasticity
-high weight/density
-high absorbency (moisture regain 11-18%) |
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Term
| Where does moisture go on the protein fibers? |
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Definition
-btwn yarns
-btwn fibers in the yarn
-on fiber surface
-w/i the fiber structure |
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Term
| Bad characteristics of Protein Fibers |
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Definition
-low tenacity
-lower wet strength
-low abrasion resistance
-low dimensional stability (esp. wool)
-low UV/Weather resistance
-not for outdoor use |
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Term
| Morphology (form) of Wool |
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Definition
-3-D staple fiber
-natural crimp |
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Term
| Good characteristics of Wool |
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Definition
-high cohesion
-high bulk
-high resiliency
-high elongation
-soft hand |
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Term
| Combed Wool is also called: |
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Definition
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Term
| Carded Wool is also called: |
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Definition
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Term
| Dimensional Stability of Wool |
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Definition
-felting
-wool cuticle (scales) |
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Term
| Wool cuticles (scales) interlock due to... |
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Definition
| Heat + Moisture + Agitation |
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Term
| Name some Washable Wool finishes |
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Definition
-Nylon-coat scales
-subject to Abrasian
-chlorination to bleach away scales |
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Term
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Definition
-cultivated silk production
-silk moth lays eggs---> silkworm hatches
-feed on mulberry leaves
-spins cocoons by forcing "liquid silk" from head orifice |
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Term
| External Morphology of Silk |
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Definition
-filament fiber
-no cuticles/scales
-transparent fiber
-smooth --->NO crimps
-small diameter
-triangular cross section |
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Term
| Main characteristics of Silk: |
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Definition
Luster: good
hand: smooth
drape: good
resiliency: moderate |
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Term
| External Morphology of Cellulosic Fiber |
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Definition
-kidney shaped fiber in cut section
-cuticle has a waxy protective layer
-primary wall is structural
-DP: 10,000
70% crystalline/30% amorphous |
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Term
| Contributes of Cellulosic Fibers |
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Definition
| -Twist, elongation, elasticity |
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Term
| Internal Morphology of Cellulosic Fiber |
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Definition
-collapses as fiber matures
-decreased absorbency |
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Term
| Characteristics of cellulosic fiber |
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Definition
-twists down fiber length
-2-D crimp
-gives fiber cohesion
-collects soil |
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Term
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Definition
| alkali yarn/fiber treatment |
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