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| A late 19th and 20th century cultural, artistic, and literary movement that rejected much of the past and focused on the current, the secular, and the revolutionary in search of new forms of expression. |
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| The Second Indutrial Revolution |
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Differed from the first:
1) Great Britain was challenged by Germany and America
2) Science and research provided new and better industrial products
3) Steam and water power was replaced with industrial energy (ie oil/coal)
4) technology was reshaping the world (telephone, international postal services)
5) middle and upper classes flourished
lower classes struggled even more. |
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Pessimistic - many of the "isms" were appealing to humanity's lowest common denominator and were destroying Western civilization
Optimistic - a new morality that glorified human life, creativity, and personal heroism. |
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Founder of the psychoanalysis.
Id- the source of primitive, instictual drives
Superego- corresponds to the will of society internalized as the conscience
Ego- represents the public face that emerges from the conflict b/w in the inborn instincts and the conscience. |
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| a universal collective unconscious that exists in conjunction with each individual's own "personal"unconscious. secrets of this unconscious would be revealed through archeatypes. |
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In literature, a late 19th century movement inspired by the methods of science and the insights of sociology, concerned with an objective depiction of the ugly side of the industrial society, women's rights and social unrest.
Emile Zola- Rougon-Macquart series offer a rich portrait of mid 19th century French society. |
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A late 19th century literary style concerned w/ morbid and artificial subjects and themes.
Oscar Wilde- Portrait of Dorian Gray- hero immersed in exotic pleasures and secret vices. |
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A late 19th century literary and artistic movement characterized by the expression of highly persoanl feelings rather than objective reality.
Franz Kafka- Metamorphosis- hero awakenes and is tranformed into an insect- a vivid image of an identity crisis. |
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Mendel- basis for genetics- proved the existence of positive and recessive genes
Curie- discovered polonium and radium- two radioactive elements
Max Planck- quantum theory
Niels Bohr- structure of the atom
Einstein- theory of relativity. |
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In art, a style introduced in the 1870s marked by an attempt to catch spontaneous impressions, often involving the play of sunlight on ordinary events and outdoor scenes. Product of Indstrualization
Took from realism- to find beauty in everyday scenes- from barizon- the practice of painting in the open air- and from romanticism- technique of broken colors. |
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| A late 19th century artistic movement that extended the boundaries of Impressionism in new directions to focus on structure, composition, fantasy, and subjective expression. |
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