Term
|
Definition
Are Deuterostomes
Are coelomate and marine
Have an endoskeleton
Have a complete gut.
Secondary radial symmetry
Water vascular system
Are pentamerous (five of everything).
(Echinoderm means spiny skin) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A network of hydraulic canals that branch into tube feet (function in locomotion and feeding). Madreporite allows adjustment of water-vascular system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
First appeared 540-550mya. Started with a notochord. Any animal with a notochord or a notochord derived structure is a chordate.
Are all bilateral.
All have a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, gill slits, and a post anal tail at some point in there life. |
|
|
Term
| Cephalochordates (lancelets) |
|
Definition
Chordates
Show all four chordate characteristics as an adult.
Are filter feeders.
Have segmented blocks of muscle that are derived from blocks of mesoderm (called somites). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chordates
Larva exhibits chordate characteristics.
Adult is a sessile filter feeder.
Has atrium (space between pharynx and body wall). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chordates with a skull.
Hagfish were once craniates. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Craniates with vertebrae appeared 500mya.
Some have only a cartilage tube surrounding their notochord. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays) |
|
Definition
Chordates > Craniates > Vertebrates > Gnathostomes
Have a cartilaginous skeleton.
Are light and flexible.
Have fins.
Do not have a mechanism to force water over their gills. |
|
|
Term
| Ostwichthyes (bony fish and tetrapods) |
|
Definition
Have a bony skeleton that is strong but heavy.
Have a swim bladder for buoyancy.
Have an opperculum (moveable flap of skin that maintains water flow over gills).
Skin has glands that release slime to reduce friction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chordates > Craniates > Vertebrates > Gnathostomes > Ostwichthyes
Have skeletal supports in their fins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Have "flippers" (bones covered in muscle) for some of their fins.
Includes the Coelocanth and Lungfish (which can temporarily breath air). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gnathosomes with limbs.
Three Groups,
Amphibians
Reptiles
Mammals |
|
|
Term
| Amphibians (Class Amphibia) |
|
Definition
Chordates > Craniates > Vertebrates > Gnathostomes > Ostwichthyes > Lobe-Finned > Tetrapods
Have limbs to support their body
Blood supply to skin for gas exchange
They remain dependent on water for external fertilization, survival of eggs, and aquatic larvae.
Are ectothermic (rely on external heat sources to maintain body temperature).
Three Orders:
Urodela (tailed amphibians)
Anura (tail-less amphibians)
Apoda (leg-less amphibians. Lost legs as a secondary adaptation) |
|
|
Term
| Reptiles (Class Reptilia) |
|
Definition
Chordates > Craniates > Vertebrates > Gnathostomes > Ostwichthyes > Lobe-Finned > Tetrapods > Amniotes
Skin has keratin scales
Internal fertilization
Many are viviparous (embryo develops inside female for a time)
Are ectothermic (cold blooded)
Produce amniotic eggs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Shell prevents desiccation
Amnion protects embryo from mechanical stress (liquid acts as shock absorber)
Yolk sac provides nutrience
Allantois collects and stores wastes
Chorion (and allantois) function in gas exchange) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chordates > Craniates > Vertebrates > Gnathostomes > Ostwichthyes > Lobe-Finned > Tetrapods > Amniotes Reptilia
Developed mechanisms to maintain body temperatures (endothermic).
Produce amniotic eggs
Have a degree of parental care
Adaptions that allow flight
Limbs modified to feathers
Bones have extensive cavities
Respiratory system has one-way air flow
Four-chambered heart
Well-developed nervous system and sense organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chordates > Craniates > Vertebrates > Gnathostomes > Tetrapods > Amniotes
Have hair (keratin)
Mammary glands
Endothermic
Diaphragm (lungs in seperate cavity)
Evolved simultaneously to amphibians and reptiles.
Three groups:
Monotremes
Marsupials
Eutherians |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chordates > Craniates > Vertebrates > Gnathostomes > Ostwichthyes > Lobe-Finned > Tetrapods > Amniotes > Mammals
Lay eggs (immediately after fertilization)
Have hair and mammary glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chordates > Craniates > Vertebrates > Gnathostomes > Ostwichthyes > Lobe-Finned > Tetrapods > Amniotes > Mammals
Retain developing embryo
Have a short gestation period
Embryo develops in pouch
Live in America and Australia (convergent evolution) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chordates > Craniates > Vertebrates > Gnathostomes > Ostwichthyes > Lobe-Finned > Tetrapods > Amniotes > Mammals
Placental mammals
Long gestation period
New-born young show a degree of independence from their mother |
|
|
