Shared Flashcard Set

Details

The Brain pt. 2
Neurons
34
Anatomy
12th Grade
02/07/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
central nervous system
Definition
brain and spinal cord
Term
peripheral nervous system
Definition
all nerves
Term
autonomic nervous system
Definition
structures that regulate involuntary functions
Term
2 cells of the nervous system
Definition
neurons and glia
Term
3 parts of a neuron
Definition
dendrites, cell body, axon
Term
dendrites
Definition
conduct impulses to cell body of neuron
Term
axon
Definition
conducts impulses away from cell body of neuron
Term
sensory neuron
Definition
conduct impulses to the spinal cord and brain
Term
motor neurons
Definition
conduct impulses away from brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands
Term
interneurons
Definition
conduct impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons
Term
3 types of glia
Definition
astrocytes, microglia, oligodendroglia
Term
astrocytes
Definition
star shaped cells that anchor small blood vessels to neurons
Term
microglia
Definition
small cells that move in inflamed brain tissue carrying on phagocytosis
Term
oligodendroglia
Definition
form myelin sheaths on axons in the CNS
Term
multiple sclerosis
Definition
characterized by myelin loss in central nerve fibers and resulting conduction impairments
Term
name for nervous system tumors
Definition
neuroma
Term
most neuromas are...
Definition
gliomas, glial tumors
Term
multiple neurofibromatosis
Definition
characterized by numerous benign tumors that can progress to disfiguring, crippling soft tissue tumors
Term
nerve
Definition
bundle of peripheral axons
Term
tract
Definition
bundle of central axons
Term
white matter
Definition
tissue composed primarily of myelinated axons
Term
gray matter
Definition
tissue composed primarily of cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers
Term
nerve coverings
Definition
fibrous connective tissue
Term
endoneurium
Definition
surrounds individual fibers within a nerve
Term
perineurium
Definition
surrounds a group (fascicle) of nerve fibers
Term
epineurium
Definition
surrounds the entire nerve
Term
nerve impulses are conducted from receptors to effectors over neuron pathways also known as...
Definition
reflex arcs
Term
conduction by a reflex arc results in a reflex such as...
Definition
contraction of a muscle or secretion by a gland
Term
nerve impulses
Definition
self propagating wave of electrical disturbance that travels along the surface of a neuron membrane
Term
how it happens
Definition
a stimulus triggers the opening of Na+ channels in the plasma membrane of the neuron, inward mov't of Na+ leaves a slight excess of neg. ions outside at a stimulated point<-marks beginning of the impulse
Term
synapse
Definition
chemical compounds released from axon terminals into a synaptic cleft
Term
neurotransmitters bind to specific receptor molecules in the membrane of a postsynaptic neuron, opening ion channels and thereby...
Definition
stimulating impulse conduction by the membrane
Term
names of neurotransmitters (2)
Definition
acetylcholine and catecholamines (dopamine, serotonin)
Term
parkinson's disease
Definition
characterized by abnormally low levels of dopamine in motor control areas of the brain, patients usually exhibit involuntary trembling and muscle rigidity
Supporting users have an ad free experience!