Term
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Definition
| atrial contraction begins atria eject blood in ventricles |
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Term
| Give order of steps in cardiac cycle |
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Definition
| atrial systole ventricular systole ventricular diastole |
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Term
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Definition
| end diastolic volume blood recieved by ventricles from atria (aka they have to end their nap(diastole) b/c atria is giving them blood. |
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Term
| EDV, S1 are in what step?, |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Stroke volume volume of blood ejected by ventricle through semilunar valves |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| SV, isovolumetric contractions semilumar valves close (S2) ESV ventricles release blood are in what step?, |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| end systolic volume volume of blood remaining after ventricle ejects blood through semilunar valves |
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Term
| the beginning of ventricular diastole what occurs?, |
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Definition
high ventricular pressure
low atrial pressure
all valves closed isovolumetric relaxation |
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Term
| near the end of ventricular diastole what occurs?, |
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Definition
| high atrial pressure low ventricular pressure AV open passive atrial + ventricular filling begin |
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Term
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Definition
| % of EDV represented by SV |
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Term
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Definition
| ventricles are ejecting more blood through semilunar valves = increased cardiac output |
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Term
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Definition
| there is more blood left in ventricles (instead of being released through semilunar valves) = decreased cardiac output |
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Term
| ESV is usually what % of EDV |
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Definition
| 40 ESV (blood ejected through semilunar valve) is 40% of EDV (blood ventricle recieved from atria) |
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Term
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Definition
| first sound, lub, loud AV close |
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Term
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Definition
second sound, dub, loud
semilunar valves close |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| soft sounds heard during blood flow into ventricles, atrial contraction |
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Term
| sounds heard because of regurguitation of blood is |
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Definition
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Term
| heart mumurs are caused by |
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Definition
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Term
| If you have a heart attack patient with an end-diastolic volume of 125 ml and an end systolic volume of 40 ml. Calc stroke volume |
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Definition
| SV= EDV-ESV SV=125-40 =85 |
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Term
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Definition
| vol of blood pumped by left ventricle in 1 min |
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Term
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Definition
| = HR x SV heart rate (bpm) x stroke volume (ml/beat) |
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Term
| A patient has a heart rate of 125 beats/min, EDV of 130 mL and ESV of 40mL. What is cardiac output? |
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Definition
CO= HR x SV
SV= EDV-EDV
130-40=90
CO=125 x 90= 11250 mL/min |
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Term
| factors affecting heart are |
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Definition
| autonomic innervation hormones |
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Term
| factors affecting stroke volume |
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Definition
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Term
| Give an alternate but equal formula for CO |
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Definition
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Term
| name the nervous system component in heart |
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Definition
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Term
| which part of the brain also affects heart |
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Definition
medulla oblongata with its
cardio acceleratory
cardio inhibitory centers |
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Term
| resting tone is maintained by |
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Definition
,aCH (acetylocholine)
NE (norepiphrine) |
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Term
| tell flow in cardioacceltory center |
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Definition
impulses sent to sympathetic neruons
cardiac plexus
signal goes to AV & SA node |
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Term
| tell flow in cardioinhibitory center |
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Definition
impulses sent to parasympathetic vagus
inhibitory impulses sent to heart. |
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Term
| why do pacemaker cells make the 1st heart beat? |
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Definition
pacemaker cells in SA node have a membrane potential closer to threshold potential
(-60 mV instead of -80 mv)
depolarizes fastest at a rate of 80 beats/min |
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Term
| sympathetic & parasympathetic stimulation is greatest at |
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Definition
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Term
Ach is what branch of nervous system
has what effect on heart |
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Definition
parasympathetic, slows heart
NE is part of what branch of nervous system |
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Term
NE is part of what branch of nervous system
has what effect on heart |
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Definition
| sympathetic, speeds up heart |
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Term
| the atrial reflex is also called the |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| adjusts heart rate in response to increased venous return |
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Term
| When you excercise how does heart increase? |
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Definition
Sympathetic nervous system kicks in
stretchreceptors (mechanoreceptors) in r. atrium
cause increase in HR |
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Term
| these hormones stimulate SA node and increase heart rate? |
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Definition
epinephrine
norepinephrine
thyroid hormone |
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Term
| factors that influence Stroke Volume |
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Definition
duration of ventricular diastole
(filling time)
rate of blood flow during ventricular diastole
(venous return) |
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Term
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Definition
how much ventricle stretches during ventricular diastole
(aka how stretched are they before they contract (fill with blood) |
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Term
| if preload increases then EDV, |
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Definition
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Term
| how does preload affect muscle cells |
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Definition
| ability to produce tension |
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Term
at rest,
EDV is
myocardium stretches is
stroke volume is |
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Definition
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Term
with excercise,
EDV is
myocardium stretches
stroke volume, |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
EDV increases
SV increases |
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Term
| the most important factor for controlling stoke volume is |
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Definition
|
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Term
| ventricular expansion is limited by |
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Definition
myocardial connective tissue
cardiac (fibrous) skeleton
pericardial sac |
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Term
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Definition
preload,contractility,afterload
afterload :tension the ventricle produces to open semilunar valve and eject blood.
contractility def: ,force produced during contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| tension the ventricle produces to open semilunar valve and eject blood |
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Term
at a given preload
contractility depends on |
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Definition
autonomic activty (symp/parasymp)
hormones |
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Term
| sympathetic stimulation effect on contractility |
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Definition
ventricles contract with more force
increases ejection fraction
decreases ESV (less blood left in ventricles that should have been pumped) |
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Term
| parasympathetic stimulation effect on contractility |
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Definition
ach released by vagus nerves
reduces force of cardiac contractions |
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Term
| if afterload increases then SV? |
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Definition
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Term
| afterload can be increased by |
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Definition
| any factor that restricts arterial flow |
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Term
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Definition
| difference btwn resting and maximal cardiac output |
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Term
| drugs that stimulate or block beta adrenergic receptors causes |
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Definition
| beta -one recepetors to be activated and heart rate increases |
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Term
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Definition
decrease force of cardiac contraction
decrease BP
dilate coronary arteries
weaken contractions |
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Term
| what is negative ionotropic effect?, |
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Definition
contractions are weakened
can be due to Ca2+ channel blockers |
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Term
|
Definition
| depolarization of inventricular septum at left bundle branch |
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Term
| what would occur if valve was clogged with Ca2+? |
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Definition
| prolapse of valve & regurgitation of blood |
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Term
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Definition
| start of ventricular depolarization to end of ventricular repolarization |
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Term
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Definition
| start of atrial depolarization to start of ventricular depoloarization(qrs) |
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Term
block in SA node?
what will ekg show? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| if there is a heart block in AV node, what would ECG show? |
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Definition
additional P waves (2 or 3)then a QRS
(aka QRS is delayed) |
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Term
| size of the T wave depends on |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| Ventricles repolarize/relax |
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Term
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Definition
| ventricles depolarize/contracting |
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Term
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Definition
| atria depolarize/contracting |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| when heart rate increases ___ cycle(s) shorten especially ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| cardiac cycle lasts about ___ msec |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| at 75 beats per minute, the heart beats __ times in a day |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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