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Definition
| the study of changes that occur in people's abilities and dispositions as they grow older; most studies focus on infants and children |
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Definition
| first 18-24 months; period of most rapid development |
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| Infants look selectively at novel objects |
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Definition
| experiments show babies gaze longer at novel stimuli more than familiar stimuli; they become familiar by learning process (even as infants) |
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Definition
| Decline in attention resulting from familiarity- infants stop looking at patterns/objects over time |
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| Infants seek to control their environments |
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Definition
| few weeks after birth- special interest in controlling aspects of environments, evidenced by experiments |
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Definition
| first 3-4 months of life, babies mouth objects to test principles |
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Definition
| by 5-6 months, babies manipulate and explore objects in sophisticated manner with hands and eyes in various manners to test principles- this is an inherent tendency, not subject to culture/environment |
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| Infants use social cues to guide exploration |
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Definition
| by 6 months, babies mimic adults actions on objects |
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Definition
| by 6 months, infants watch eyes of person and move own eyes to look- ensures that infant will attend to same events/situations and learn about it for survival purposes; also helps learn language |
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Definition
| by 1 year, infants look at emotional expressions of caregiver to judge possible ramifications (danger) of own actions |
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Definition
| objects continue to exist, two objects cannot occupy same space at same time, objects move along continuous path |
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Definition
| Locke and Berkeley believe in tabula rasa; we learn of core physical principles through sensory experience and general learning ability |
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Definition
| Descartes and Kant. believe some principles must be inherent to human perception because without initial assumptions we have no way to interpret information and thus to learn |
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Term
Violation of expectancy experiment
(when do infants have understanding of core physical principles?) |
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Definition
when shown an impossible event that is similar to original (habituated) possible event, infants look longer at it than at novel possible event
this and other evidence of knowledge of core physical principles occurs as young as 2.5-3.5 months |
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Term
| Object permanence in infants |
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Definition
under 5 months- fail Piaget's simple hiding problem; follow with eyes but don't act on it
6-9 months solve simple hiding problem, but fail changed-hiding place problem; emerging understanding of object permanence is fragile
Reasons? inability to coordinate thought with movement- infants as young as 3-4 months look at location of object |
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