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| the branch of medicine concerned with treatment of disorders that affect glands that control metabolism, reproduction, and sexual growth and development |
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| meninges (membranes covering brain and spinal cord) |
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| intestine (usually small intestine) |
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| orchid/o, orchi/o, orch/o |
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| back (of body), behind, posterior |
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| hardening; sclera (white of eye) |
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| separation; destruction; loosening |
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| forming, producing, origin |
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| abnormal condition (produced by something specified) |
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| abnormal condition; increase |
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| relatively uncommon chronic disorder caused by deficiency of cortical hormones that results when the adrenal cortex is damaged or atrophied |
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| cluster of symptoms caused by excessive amounts of cortisol or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) circulating in the blood |
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| chronic metabolic disorder of impaired carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism due to insufficient production of insulin or the body’s inability to utilize insulin properly |
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| form of diabetes mellitus that is abrupt in onset and is due to the failure of the pancreas to produce insulin, making this type of disease difficult to regulate |
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| form of diabetes mellitus that is gradual in onset and results from the body’s deficiency in producing enough insulin or resistance to the action of insulin by the body’s cells |
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| abnormal protrusion of the eyeball(s), possibly due to thyrotoxicosis, tumor of the orbit, orbital cellulitis, leukemia, or aneurysm |
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| multisystem autoimmune disorder that involves growth of the thyroid (hyperthyroidism) associated with the hypersecretion of thyroxine; AKA: exophthalmic goiter, thyrotoxicosis, or toxic goiter |
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| tumor of the islets of Langerhans; AKA: pancreatic tumor |
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| advanced hypothyroidism in adults that results from the hypofunction of the thyroid gland and affects body fluids, causing edema and increasing blood volume and increasing blood pressure |
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| excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body’s skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20% or more above ideal body weight |
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| body mass index (BMI) of 40 or greater, which is generally 100lb or more over ideal body weight |
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| total pituitary impairment that brings about a progressive and general loss of hormone activity |
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| small chromaffin cell tumor, usually located in the adrenal medulla |
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| any disorder of the pituitary gland and its function |
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| chronic, organic mental disorder that is a progressive form of presenile dementia caused by atrophy of the frontal and occipital lobes of the brain |
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| disorder affecting the CNS that is characterized by recurrent seizures |
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| hereditary nervous disorder caused by the progressive loss of brain cells, leading to bizarre, involuntary, dancelike movements |
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| cranial enlargement caused by accumulation of fluid within the ventricles of the brain |
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| progressive degenerative disease of the CNS characterized by inflammation, hardening, and loss of myelin throughout the spinal cord and brain, which produces weakness and other muscle symptoms |
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| malignant tumor composed principally of cells resembling neuroblasts |
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| partial or complete loss of motor function; AKA: paralysis |
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| facial paralysis on one side of the face because of inflammation of a facial nerve (cranial nerve VII), most likely caused by a viral infection |
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| bilateral, symmetrical, nonprogressive motor dysfunction and partial paralysis, which is usually caused by damage to the cerebrum during gestation or birth trauma but can also be hereditary |
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| loss of muscle function, loss of sensation, or both |
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| progressive, degenerative neurological disorder affecting the portion of the brain responsible for controlling movement |
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| inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a virus, commonly resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis |
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| severe pain in the leg along the course of the sciatic nerve, which travels from the hip to the foot |
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| convulsion or other clinically detectable event caused by a sudden discharge of electrical activity in the brain that may be classified as partial or generalized |
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| eruption of acute, inflammatory, herpetic vesicles caused by herpes zoster virus on the trunk of the body along a peripheral nerve |
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| congenital neural tube defect characterized by incomplete closure of the spinal canal through which the spinal cord and meninges may or may not protrude |
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| most common and least severe form of spina bifida without protrusion of the spinal cord or meninges |
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| more severe type of spina bifida that involves protrusion of the meninges (meningocele), spinal cord (myelocele), or both (meningomyelocele) |
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| sever injuries to the spinal cord, such as vertebral fractures and dislocations, resulting in impairment of spinal cord function below the level of the injury |
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| paralysis of the lower portion of the body and both legs |
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| paralysis of all four extremities and, usually, the trunk |
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| transient ischemic attack |
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| temporary interference with blood supply to the brain, lasting a few minutes to a few hours |
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| radiographic technique that uses a narrow beam of x-rays that rotates in a full arc around the patient to acquire multiple views of the body that a computer interprets to produce cross-sectional images of that body part |
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| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
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| radiographic technique that uses electromagnetic energy to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images of the body |
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| radioactie iodine uptake (RAIU) test |
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| imaging procedure that measures levels of radioactivity in the thyroid after oral or IV administration of radioactive iodine |
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| cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis |
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| laboratory test in which CSF obtained from a lumbar puncture is evaluated macroscopically for clarity and color, microscopically for cells, and chemically for proteins and other substances |
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| insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space of the spinal column at the level of the fourth intervertebral space to withdraw cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) in order to perform various diagnostic and therapeutic procedures; AKA: spinal tap or spinal puncture |
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| positron emission tomography (PET) |
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| radiographic technique combining computed tomography with radiopharmaceuticals that produces a cross-sectional (transverse) image of the dispersement of radioactivity (through emission of positrons) in a section of the body to reveal the areas where the radiopharmaceutical is being metabolized and where there is a deficiency in metabolism |
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| surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands to remove a benign or cancerous tumor, aid in correcting a hormone imbalance, prevent metastasis or, occasionally, prevent adrenal gland hormone excretion from exacerbating an existing condition such as breast cancer |
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| excision of one lobe (subtotal thyroidectomy) or the entire thyroid gland (thyroid lobectomy) |
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| surgical procedure that creates an opening in the skull to gain access to the brain during neurosurgical procedures |
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| partial destruction of the thalamus to treat psychosis or intractable pain |
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| hormone replacement therapy (HRT) |
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| oral administration or injection of synthetic hormones to correct a deficiency in such hormones as estrogen, testosterone, or thyroid hormone |
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