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The Endocrine Glands & Their Hormones
Principal functions, and hormones of the endocrine glands.
20
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/25/2015

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Term
Anterior Pituitary
GH
Definition
Growth hormone; Promotes growth of all body tissues.
Term
Anterior Pituitary
TSH
Definition
Thyroid-stimulating hormone; Stimulates thyroid glands to produce thyroid hormone.
Term
Anterior Pituitary
ACTH
Definition
Adrenocorticotropic hormone; Stimulates adrenal cortex to produce glucocorticoids (cortisol) and androgens; aids in protecting body in stress situations (injury and pain).
Term
Anterior Pituitary
PRL
Definition
Prolactin; Stimulates milk production by mammary glands.
Term
Anterior Pituitary
FSH
Definition
Follicle-stimulating hormone; Stimulates growth and hormonal activity of ovarian follicles; stimulates growth of testes; promotes sperm cell development.
Term
Anterior Pituitary
LH
Definition
Luteinizing hormone; Initiates ovulation, corpus luteum formation, and progesterone production in the female; stimulates testosterone secretion in male.
Term
Posterior Pituitary
ADH
Definition
Antidiurectic hormone; promotes water reabsorption in kidney tubules; at high concentration stimulates constriction of blood vessels.
Term
Posterior Pituitary
Oxytocin
Definition
Causes uterine muscle contraction; causes milk ejection from mammary glands.
Term
Thyroid
Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine
Definition
T4/T3; Increase metabolic rate, influencing both physical and mental activities; required for normal growth
Term
Parathyroids
PTH
Definition
Parathyroid hormone; Regulates exchange of calcium between blood and bones; increases calcium level in blood.
Term
Adrenal Medulla
Epinephrine
Definition
Increases blood pressure and heart rate; activates cells influenced by sympathetic nervous system plus many not supplied by sympathetic nerves.
Term
Adrenal Cortex
Cortisol
Definition
95% of glucocorticoids; increases blood glucose concentration in response to stress.
Term
Adrenal Cortex
Aldosterone
Definition
95% of mineralocorticoids; promotes salt (and thus water) retention and potassium excretion.
Term
Adrenal Cortex
Sex Hormones
Definition
May influence secondary sexual characteristics.
Term
Pancreatic Islets
Insulin
Definition
Reduces blood glucose concentrations by promoting glucose uptake into cells and glucose storage; promotes fat and protein synthesis.
Term
Pancreatic Islets
Glucagon
Definition
Stimulates liver to release glucose, thereby increasing blood glucose level.
Term
Testes
Definition
Testosterone; Stimulates growth and development of sexual organs (testes and penis) plus development of secondary sexual characteristics, such as hair growth on body and face and deepening of voice; stimulates sperm cell maturation.
Term
Ovaries
Estrogens
Definition
Stimulates growth of primary sexual organs (uterus and tubes) and development of secondary sexual organs, such as breasts; stimulates development of ovarian follicles.
Term
Ovaries
Progesterone
Definition
Stimulates development of mammary glands' secretory tissue; prepares uterine lining for implantation of fertilized ovum; aids in maintaining pregnancy.
Term
Pineal
Melatonin
Definition
Regulates mood, sexual development, and daily cycles in response to the amount of light in the environment.
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