Term
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Definition
100,000 known species (1.4-1.5 million undiscovered)
Heterotrophic
Saprophytic (release enzymes that digest matter, the nutrients is then absorbed)
Decomposers
Some are symbiotic (mutualistic and parasitic) |
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Term
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Definition
Tubular structures (filaments) in fungi.
Cell walls are made of chitin.
Two types:
Coenocytic (single tube made from multi-nucleus cell, no divisions)
Septate (divisions between cells) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Cytoplasm moves to transport nutrients. |
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Term
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Definition
| Specialized hyphae that can penetrate the tissues of a host organism. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mutually beneficial symbiosis between a fungus and the roots of a plant. |
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Term
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Definition
| Haustoria does not penetrate into host cells. |
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Term
| Endomycorrhizae (arbuscular mycorrhizae) |
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Definition
| Haustoria penetrates into host cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Some fungi have the ability to trap nematodes. Fungal hyphae then grow into the nematode and digest it. |
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Term
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Definition
| Haploid hyphae release pheromones that signal other hyphae from other mycelium. If two hyphae are of different mating types, they extend towards each other and fuse (plasmogamy). This creates a heterokaryotic (different nuclei) myceliem that is dikaryotic (two nuclei). Eventually the haploid nuclie fuse (karyogamy) creating diploid cells (the only diploid stage in fungi). Meiosis then creates haploid spores from the diploid cells. Fungi can also produce asexually by producing spores via mitosis (as in molds) or by budding (as in unicellular yeasts) |
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Term
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Definition
Five Phyla:
Chytridomycota (Chytrids)
Zygomycota (Zygomycetes)
Glomeromycota (Glomeromycetes)
Ascomycota (Ascomycetes)
Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
(Mycota/Mycetes are suffixes used for fungi) |
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Term
| Chytridomycota (Chytrids) |
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Definition
Some unicellular
Most are coenocytic
Most are free living, some are symbiotic
Have zoospores (flagellated spores)
Mostly live in moist environments |
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Term
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Definition
Are coenocytic except for reproductive structures
Grow as molds on food
Some commensal or parasitic |
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Term
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Definition
| In the asexual stage black sporangia form at the tips of upright hyphae. If environmental conditions deteriorate the mold reproduces sexually. Plasmogamy produces a sturdy structure called a zygosporangium that can last until conditions improve. |
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Term
| Glomeromycota (Glomeromycetes) |
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Definition
| Are all arbuscular mycorrhizae. |
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Term
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Definition
Are "Sac Fungi"
Some unicellular, most septate
Sexual spores are produces in asci (saclike structure)
Asci may be within an ascocarp (fruiting body) |
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Term
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Definition
Reproduce asexually by producing enormous amounts of spores called conidia (produced externally at the tips of hyphae known as conidiophores).
Conidia can also be involves in sexual reproduction by fusing with a hyphae of a different mating type. |
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Term
| Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes) |
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Definition
Club Fungi (include mushrooms, puffballs, and shelf fungi)
Produce basidiocarps (fruiting bodies) |
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Term
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Definition
| Dikaryotic mycelium can be induced into growing into a basidiocarp by environmental cues (such as rain or temperature change). The gills of the basidiocarp are lined with dikaryotic cells called basidia. Each basidium undergoes karyogamy and then meiosis to create haploid spores known as basidiospores. |
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Term
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Definition
Association between basidiomycete/ascomycete and photosynthetic algae or cyanobacteria
Asexual reproduction by fragmentation or soredia (small clusters of hyphae with algae embedded) |
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Term
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Definition
| Grow within the tissues of plants without harming the host. |
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Term
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Definition
Dutch Elm (Ophiostoma)
Pine Beetle (Grosmannia)
Ergots on Rye (Claviceps) |
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Term
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Definition
Known as mycoses
Two Forms:
Superficial (skin) mycoses(Trichophyton "athletes foot")
Systemic mycosis (Histoplasma, Candida albicans) |
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