Term
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Definition
- Muscular tube that hangs down from the base of the occipital bone, anterior to the cerv vertebrae.
- Continuous inferiorly with the esophageus
- 3 muscular layers |
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Term
| Name the 3 muscular layers |
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Definition
1. Inner mucosa
2. Middle fibrous tissue
3. Outer muscular layer |
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Term
| What 3 structures does the pharynx communicate with, anteriorly? |
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Definition
1. Mouth
2. Larynx
3. Nasal cavity |
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Term
| Name the 3 portions of the pharynx |
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Definition
1. Nasopharynx
2. Oropharynx
3. Laryngopharynx |
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Term
| What are the borders of the nasopharynx? |
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Definition
| Nasal cavity to the soft palate |
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Term
| How does the nasopharynx communicate with the middle ear? |
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Definition
| Via the tympanic/eustachian tube |
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Term
| How does the nasopharynx communicate with the nasal cavities? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the borders of the oropharynx? |
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Definition
| From the soft palate to the hyoid bone |
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Term
| How does it connect to the mouth? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The arch connecting the mouth to the pharynx |
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Term
| What are the borders of the laryngopharynx? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the opening of the larynx? |
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Definition
| In the wall of the proximal laryngopharynx |
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Term
| What structure protects the larynx? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 3 sets of lymphoid tissue (tonsils) encircling the mouse and nose |
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Definition
1. Pharyngeal
2. Palantine
3. Lingual |
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Term
| Describe the pharyngeal tonsils |
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Definition
| Single tonsil, in posterior wall at the top of pharynx |
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Term
| Describe the palantine tonsils |
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Definition
| Paired, sit in the depression at the base of the fauces. Oval with upper and low pole. Rest on extremely thick fibrous base. |
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Term
| Describe the lingual tonsils |
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Definition
| Small clusters of lymphoid tissue found at the posterior part of the tongue |
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Term
| What tonsils are easily removed via surgery? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the tympanic tube |
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Definition
| Connects nasopharynx to middle ear, originating in the lateral wall of the pharynx and terminating in the medial wall of middle ear |
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Term
| (T/F) It is a part of the petrous temporal bone |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) Its medial 2/3 are supported by cartilage |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) There is no mucosa found within the tympanic tube |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two portions of the mouth? What separates these chambers? |
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Definition
1. Vestibule
2. Oral cavity (mouth proper)
- Separated by the teath |
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Term
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Definition
| The area between the lips and teeth, lined with mucous membrane |
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Term
| What is contained within the vestibule? |
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Definition
| The opening to the parotid duct |
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Term
| What is contained within the oral cavity? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the makeup of the roof of the oral cavity |
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Definition
| Made up of the hard and soft palate |
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Term
| What makes up the hard palate? |
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Definition
| The palantine process of the maxilla, and the paired palantine bones (post 1/5) |
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Term
| Where is the soft palate found? |
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Definition
| Posterior to the hard palate |
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Term
| What is a prominent feature of the soft palate? |
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Definition
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Term
| List the two groups of muscles of the tongue |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the intrinsic tongue muscles? |
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Definition
| Alter the shape of the tongue, and form the body of the tongue |
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Term
| Describe the organization of the intrinsic tongue muscles |
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Definition
| Vertical, longitudinal and transverse muscle fibres, all intertwined |
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Term
| List the 4 extrinsic tongue muscles, and which one is paired |
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Definition
1. Genioglossus
2. Hyoglossus (paired)
3. Styloglossus
4. Palatoglossus |
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Term
| List the origin, insertion and function of the genioglossus |
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Definition
O: Genial tubercle on the inside of the mandible (
I: On the base of the tongue (fans out)
F: Pulls tongue forward |
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Term
| List the origin, insertion and function of the hyoglossus |
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Definition
O: Hyoid bone
I: Both sides of tongue (one side for each muscle)
F: Depresses tongue laterally |
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Term
| List the origin, insertion and function of the styloglossus |
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Definition
O: Styloid process
I: Side of tongue
F: Elevates and retracts tongue |
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Term
| List the origin, insertion and function of the palatoglossus |
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Definition
O: Side of palate
I: Enters tongue
F: Elevates tongue |
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Term
| (T/F) The tongue is covered by a unique mucosa |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the specialized processes on the mucosa of the tongue? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are these structures concentrated on the tongue? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The structure on the underside of the tongue, connecting the tongue to the floor of the mouth |
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Term
| What is the suclcus terminalis? Where is it located? |
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Definition
| The V shaped groove 2/3rds back on the tongue |
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Term
| What is the function of the sulcus terminalis, and what is it related to? |
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Definition
| Separates the tongue into anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 |
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Term
| Describe motor innervation of the tongue |
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Definition
| All the muscles of the tongue are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve, except the palatoglossus |
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Term
| What nerve innervates the palatoglossus? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the sensory innervation of the tongue |
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Definition
Anterior 2/3: CN V for general sensation and CN VII for taste
Posterior 1/3: CN IX for sensation and taste |
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Term
| What is the function of salivary glands? Name the 3 |
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Definition
Produce saliva, which moistens and digests food
1. Parotid
2. Submandibular
3. Sublingual |
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Term
| Where are the parotid glands located? Where does it empty into the mouth? Describe its secretions? What nerve innervates it? |
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Definition
- In front of the ear
- Empties into the mouth opposite the second molar
- Mostly serous liquid
- CN IX via the otic ganglia |
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Term
| Where are the submandibular glands located? Where does it empty into the mouth? Describe its secretions? What nerve innervates it? |
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Definition
- Rests around the angle of the jaw
- Opening at base of frenulum
- Mixed serous and mucous
- CN VII |
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Term
| Where are the sublignual glands located? Where does it empty into the mouth? What nerve innervates it? |
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Definition
- Floor of each side of the mouth, lateral to the submandibular ducts
- Small openings in the floor of the mouth OR into the submandibular ducts
- CN VII |
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Term
| List the teeth each half jaw contains |
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Definition
- 2x incisors
- 1x canine
- 2x premolars
- 3x molars |
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Term
| Describe innervation to the teeth |
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Definition
Upper jaw: maxillary branch of trigeminal
Lower jaw: mandibular branch of trigeminal |
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Term
| Where is the larynx situated? What structures does the larynx connect? |
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Definition
- Below the hyoid bone
- Connects the oropharynx with trachea |
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Term
| What is the function of the larynx? |
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Definition
| It is the organ of phonation (speaking) |
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Term
| What gland is associated with the larynx? |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) The larynx has both internal and external skeletons |
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Definition
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Term
| List the components of the external skeleton |
|
Definition
1. Thyroid cartilage
2. Cricoid cartilage |
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Term
| (T/F) Thyroid cartilage is the largest cartilage |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the composition and shape of the TC |
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Definition
- Hyaline cartilage
- Shaped like a shield |
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Term
| Name the 3 prominent features of the TC |
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Definition
- Adam's apple: anterior prominence
- Superior horns
- Inferior horns |
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Term
| What are the superior horns associated with? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the inferior horns associated with? |
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Definition
| Articulate with the cricoid cartilage |
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Term
| Describe the shape of the cricoid cartilage. Where is it located? |
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Definition
| Shaped like a signet ring (larger posteriorly); located inferior to the TC |
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Term
| List the two components of the inner skeleton of the larynx |
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Definition
1. Arytenoids
2. Epiglotal cartilage |
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Term
| How many arytenoids are there? How are they shaped? |
|
Definition
- 2
- Shaped like pyramids |
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Term
| What do they articulate with? Describe their movements? |
|
Definition
- Articulate with the cricoid cartilage
- Rotate on the vertical axis (horizontal rotation) |
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Term
| Name the 2 features of the arytenoids? |
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Definition
1. Vocal processes
2. Muscular processes |
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Term
| What is the function of the vocal processes? Where are they found? |
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Definition
| Attach to the vocal cords - located anteriorly |
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Term
| What is the function of the muscular processes? Where are they found? |
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Definition
| Attach to muscles - located posteriorly |
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Term
| What type of cartilage is the epiglottal cartilage? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Where is the epiglottis attached to the larynx? |
|
Definition
| To the inside of the front of the thyroid cartilage |
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Term
| (T/F) It is lined with simple squamous epithelium on its entirety |
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Definition
| False, it is lined with RTE on its inferior surface |
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Term
| What is the function of the epiglottis? |
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Definition
| Protects the larynx during swallowing; swallowing causes the TC to elevate, causing the epiglottis to drop off and close off the laryngeal opening |
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Term
| Name the 2 membranes of the larynx, and which is more superior |
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Definition
1. Quadrangular membrane (more superior)
2. Triangular membrane |
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Term
| Describe the attachments of the quadrangular membrane |
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Definition
Anterior: sides of epiglottis
Posterior: Arytenoids |
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Term
| (T/F) The inferior border of the quadrangular membrane is free |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is this border called? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are some other names for the triangular membrane? |
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Definition
1. Conus elasticus
2. Cricothyroid ligament |
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|
Term
| Describe the attachments of the triangular membrane |
|
Definition
Inferior border: attached to the cricoid cartilage
Ligamentous: attaches to thyroid cartilage and to the vocal processes |
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Term
| (T/F) The inferior border of the triangular membrane is free |
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Definition
| False, the superior border is |
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|
Term
| What is the superior triangular membrane border called? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the rima glottidis? |
|
Definition
| The aperture between the vocal chords |
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|
Term
| What changes the width of its opening? |
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Definition
| Muscles acting on the artyenoid, cricoid and thyroid cartilages |
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|
Term
| What is the largest muscle controlling the larynx? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What cranial nerve innervates the larynx? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe motor innervation to the larynx |
|
Definition
| Motor innervation to all muscles except for the cricothyroid comes from the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Cricothyroid comes from external laryngeal nerve. |
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|
Term
| Describe sensory innervation to the larynx above the vocal cords |
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Definition
| Sensory innervation above the vocal cords is carried by the superior laryngeal nerves |
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Term
| Describe sensory innervation to the larynx below the vocal cords |
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Definition
| Sensory innervation below the vocal cords is carried by the recurrent laryngeal nerves |
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