Sternocleidomastoid

Origin: Manubrium of sternum and medial clavicle

Insertion: Mastoid process (and superior nuchal line of occipital bone)

Primary Movement(s): Bilateral flexion (as in nodding "yes"), lateral flexion (same side),  and rotation (opposite side) of neck

Scalenes

Primary Movement(s): Bilateral flexion (as in nodding "yes"), lateral flexion (same side),  and rotation (opposite side) of neck, and inspiration

Trapezius (upper)

Upper Trapezius

Origin: Occipital bone and ligamentum nuchae

Insertion: Lateral clavicle

Primary Movement(s): Extension of the head

Rectus Abdominis

Primary Movement(s): Flexion (of trunk)

Internal Oblique

Primary Movement(s): Bilateral flexion, lateral flexion (same side), and rotation (same side) of trunk

External Oblique

Primary Movement(s): Bilateral flexion, lateral flexion (same side), and rotation (opposite side) of trunk

Transversus Abdominis

Compresses abdomen

Erector Spinae

Primary Movement(s): Extension, lateral flexion (same side) and rotation (same side) of trunk

Quadratus Lumborum

Primary Movement(s): Lateral flexion (same side) and extension (bilateral) of trunk

Diaphragm

Primary Movement(s): Inspiration

Intercostals

Primary Movement(s): Respiration

Ligamentum Nuchae

Ligament extending from occipital bone along tips of the spinous processes of cervical vertebrae.

Binds cervical vertebrae and inhibits excessive head and neck flexion - preventing damage to the spinal cord.

Linea Alba

Tendinous seam that runs from sternum to pubic symphysis; aka "white line"

Serratus Anterior

Origin: Upper 8 (or 9) ribs at the side of the chest

Insertion: Entire anterior length of the vertebral border of scapula

Primary Movement(s): Protraction and upward rotation (of scapula)

Pectoralis Minor

Origin: Anterior surfaces of ribs 3-5

Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula

Primary Movement(s): Depression, protraction, downward rotation (scapula)

Trapezius

Origin: Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, and spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T12

Insertion: Lateral clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

Upper

Primary Movement(s): Elevation

Middle

Primary Movement(s): Retraction (i.e. after lowering arms)

Lower

Primary Movement(s): Depression and upward rotation

Levator Scapulae

Origin: Transverse processes of vertebrae C1-C4

Insertion: Vertebral border of scapula (superior to spine)

Primary Movement(s): Elevation and downward rotation (scapula)

Rhomboids - Major and Minor

Rhomboids Major

Origin: Spinous processes of vertebrae T2-T5

Rhomboids Minor

Origin: Spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T1

Insertion: Vertebral border of scapula from spine to inferior angle

Primary Movement(s): Retraction, elevation, downward rotation

Pectoralis Major

Origin: Sternal end of clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6 (or 7), aponeurosis of external oblique muscle

Insertion: lateral side of intertubercular sulcus and greater tubercle of humerus

Primary Movements: Adduction at shoulder joint

Sternal head: Extension at shoulder joint

Clavicular head: Flexion at shoulder joint

Deltoid

Origin: Lateral clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Primary Movement(s): Abduction at shoulder joint

Anterior: Flexion at shoulder joint

Posterior: Horizontal abduction

Coracobrachialis

Flexion at the shoulder joint

Latissimus Dorsi

Origin: Posterior iliac crest, sacrum, lateral spinous processes of vertebrae T7-L5, lower 3 ribs

Insertion: Lateral side of intertubercular sulcus and greater tubercle of humerus

Primary Movement(s): Extension and adduction at shoulder joint

Subscapularis

Origin: Subscapular fossa

Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus

Primary Movement(s): Adduction and medial rotation at shoulder joint

Teres Major

Origin: Posterior surface of scapula at inferior angle

Insertion: Lateral side of intertubercular sulcus and greater tubercle of humerus

Primary Movement(s): Extension, adduction, and medial rotation at shoulder joint

Teres Minor

Origin: Dorsal surface of axillary border of scapula

Intervention: Greater tubercle of humerus

Primary Movement(s): Lateral rotation

Infraspinatus

Origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Primary Movement(s): Lateral rotation

Supraspinatus

Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Primary Movement(s): Abduction

Rotator Cuff Muscles

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres Minor

Subscapularis

Biceps Brachii

Short Head:

Origin: Coracoid process

Long Head:

Origin: Superior edge of glenoid cavity

Insertion: Radial tuberosity

Primary Movement: Flexion and supination of arm

Brachioradialis

Flexion of upper extremity

Brachialis

Flexion of upper extremity

Triceps Brachii

Long Head:

Origin: Inferior edge of glenoid cavity

Lateral and Medial Heads:

Origin: Posterior shaft of humerus

Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna

Primary Movement(s): Extension

Pronator Quadratus

Pronation of radioulnar joints

Pronator Teres

Pronation of radioulnar joint

Supinator

Supination of radioulnar joint

Gluteus Maximus

Origin: Dorsal ilium, sacrum, and coccyx

Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract

Primary Movement(s): Extension and lateral rotation of hip joint

Gluteus Medius

Origin: Lateral surface of ilium

Insertion: Lateral side of greater trochanterof femur

Primary Movement(s): Abduction of hip joint

Gluteus Minimus

Medial Rotation

Piriformis and Lateral Rotator Group

Lateral Rotation

Semimembranosus

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia

Primary Movement(s): Extension

Semitendinosus

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Medial surface of upper tibia

Primary Movement(s): Extension

Biceps Femoris

Long Head:

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Short Head:

Origin: Linea aspera to distal femur

Insertion: Lateral head of fibula and condyle of tibia

Primary Movement(s): Extension of hip joint

Adductors (Magnus, Longus, and Brevis)

Adduction

Gracilis

Adduction at hip joint

Iliacus

Origin: Iliacus

Insertion: Lesser trochanter femur

Primary Movement(s): Flexion

Psoas Major

Origin: Lateral vertebral bodies of T12-L4 and intervertebral discs

Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur

Primary Movement(s): Flexion