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skeletal, smooth, cardiac |
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VOLUNTARY - contains largest amount of muscle tissue in body -makes up ~40% of body weight |
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| Structure of skeletal muscle: |
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1. muscle cells are long/threadlike - often called muscle fibers 2. multinucleated cells 3. appear striped or banded - giving the name striated 4. fibers arranged in bundles held together by connective tissue 4.1. entire muslce encased in thick sheath called epimysium |
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| Define: excitability or irritability |
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Definition
the capacity of a muscle to respond to a stimulus 1. neuromuscular junction 2. action potential is the electric change in the muscle when stimulated by nerve tissue |
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| where a nerve contacts a muscle cell |
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| the capacity of a muscle fiber to shorten and become thicker |
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When muscles do not receive enough oxygen during activity... |
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| lactic acid builds up in the muscles causing pain |
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| thick sheath encasing entire skeletal muscle |
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| muscle cells that are long & threadlike |
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partially contracted state of muscle normal, enables muscle to respond when needed |
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muscle tone remains same but the muscle shortens (Ex. lifting weights, walking running) |
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increase in muscle tension (no change in muscle length) (Ex. pushing against a wall) |
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| Muscle attachment: Tendon |
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| cordlike extension - connects muscle to bone |
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| Muscle attachment: Aponeurosis |
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| broad sheet - connects muscle to bone or other muscle |
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Muscle attachment: Origin |
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| attaches to bone that moves less (more fixed) |
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| Muscle attachment: Insertion |
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| more movable attachment - attaches to bone that moves most |
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| muscle that produces a movement |
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| the muscle that produces the opposite movement |
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Location: encircles eyelids Function: closes the eye |
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Location: encircles the mouth Function: closes the lips |
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Location: Fleshy part of cheek Function: flattens cheek, helps in eating, whistling, & blowing wind instruments |
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Location: above & near ear Function: closes jaw |
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Location: at angle of jaw Function: closes jaw |
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| Location: entirely within the tongue |
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| originate outside the tongue |
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Sternocleidomastoid sterno-cleido-mastoid |
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Location: along side of neck, to mastoid process Function: flexes head, rotates head toward opposite side from the muscle |
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Location: back of neck & upper back, to clavicle & scapula Function: raises shoulders and pulls it back, extends the head |
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Location: middle & lower back, to humerus Function: extends & adducts arm behind back |
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Location: upper anterior chest, to humerus Function: flexes & adducts arm across chest, pulls shoulder forward & downward |
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Location: below axilla on side of chest to scapula Function: moves scapula forward, aids in raising arm |
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Location: covers shoulder joint, to lateral humerus Function: abducts arm |
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Location: anterior arm, to radius Function: flexes forearm & supinates hand |
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Location: posterior arm, to ulna Function: extends forearm |
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Flexor & extensor carpi groups |
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Location: anterior & posterior forarm, to hand Function: flexes & extends hand |
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| Flexor & extensor digitorum groups |
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Location: anterior & posterior forearm, to fingers Function: flexes & extends the fingers |
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