Term
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Definition
| The diamond shaped space beneath the pelvic diaphragm |
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Term
| What are the 3 things contained within the perineum? |
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Definition
1. External genitalia
2. Anal canal
3. Ischiorectal fossa |
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Term
| What is the ischiorectal fossa? |
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Definition
| The fat filled space in the perineum |
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Term
| (T/F) The perineum is divided into 2 triangles |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the triangles, and which structures are within what triangle |
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Definition
| 1. Urogenital triangle (anterior) - external genitalia 2. Anal triangle - anal canal and the ischiorectal fossa |
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Term
| What is the urogenital diaphragm? |
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Definition
| A muscle that covers the inferior surface of the levator ani and fills the triangular space |
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Term
| What is the superficial (inferior) fascia of the urogenital diaphragm called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the attachments of the urogenital diaphragm? What does this mean? |
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Definition
1. Ischiopubic ramus
2. Pubis
3. Ischium
- That it is a horizontal muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| The external reproductive organs |
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Term
| What are the two parts to the male genitals? |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) The penis consists of 3 cylinders in its erectile tissue |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. Corpora cavernosa
2. Corpus spongiosum
3. Urethra |
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Term
| What are the two parts of the corpora cavernosa? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the crus? |
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Definition
| Helps form the root of the penis |
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Term
| What is the function of the shaft? |
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Definition
| reaches to the glans penis |
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Term
| What is the function of the paired ischiocavernosus muscles? |
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Definition
| Attach the crura to the body of the ischium |
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Term
| (T/F) The corpus spongiosum lies between the two corpora cavernosa |
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Definition
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Term
| What forms the bulb of the penis? |
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Definition
| The root of the corpus spongiosum |
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Term
| What is the muscle that covers the corpus spongiosum at its root? |
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Definition
| The bulbospongiousus muscle |
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Term
| Where does the urethra enter the penis? What other structures joins the urethra here? |
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Definition
| At the bulb; the bulbourethral glands |
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Term
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Definition
| The distal, expanded end of the penis |
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Term
| (T/F) The lower third of the vagina is the urogenital triangle |
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Definition
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Term
| What is at the superior angle of the vestibule? |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) The clitoris shares little structure with the penis |
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Definition
| False, there is a lot of structure homology between the 2 |
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Term
| What is the labia majora? |
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Definition
| Outer folds surrounding the vestibule |
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Term
| What is the labia minora? |
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Definition
| The folds of skin surrounding the vestibule |
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Term
| What is the superior meeting point of the labia majora? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the posterior meeting point of the labia majora? |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) The fourchette is just anterior to the perineal body |
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Definition
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Term
| List the 5 structures comprising the vulva |
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Definition
1. Mons pubis
2. Lab Maj
3. Lab Min
4. Clitoris
5. Vestibule |
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Term
| List the characteristics of the anal canal |
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Definition
- 4cm long
- Distal portion of digestive system |
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Term
| Where does the anal canal begin? |
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Definition
| As the rectum passes through the levator ani |
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Term
| Name the features of the anal canal |
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Definition
1. Anal columns
2. Pectineal line |
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Term
| What are the anal columns? |
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Definition
| The longitudinal folds in the upper section |
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Term
| What is the pectineal line? |
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Definition
| The inferior border of the anal columns |
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Term
| What is the significance of this line? |
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Definition
| Marks the end of the blood and nerve supply to the GI tract |
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Term
| What is the difference between the internal and external anal sphincters? |
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Definition
Internal: smooth muscle, involuntary
External: skeletal muscle, voluntary |
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Term
| What are the 3 components of the external anal sphincter? |
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Definition
1. Deep
2. Superficial
3. Subcutaneous |
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Term
| What is the fat filled space between the anal canal, the levator ani, and the obturator internus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is found within the ischiorectal fossa? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is found within the pudendal canal? |
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Definition
| The pudendal artery, nerve, and vein |
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Term
| List the two branches the internal pudendal artery gives rise to? How does this artery enter the perinium |
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Definition
1. Inferior rectal artery
2. Perineal artery
Via the pundendal canal |
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Term
| What does the internal pudenal artery bifurcate into? |
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Definition
| The deep and dorsal arteries of the penis/vagina |
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Term
| (T/F) The pudendal nerve is a somatic nerve |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does it originate? How does it get to the perineum? |
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Definition
| S2,3,4; follows the same path as the artery |
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Term
| What is the branch that the pundendal nerve gives off before dividing? What is the target of this nerve? |
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Definition
| Inferior rectal nerve - the skin of the anal triangle and to the externa anal sphincter |
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Term
| What two nerves does the pudendal nerve divide into? |
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Definition
1. Perineal nerves
2. Dorsal nerve of the penis/clit |
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Term
| Describe the general pathway of sympathetic innervation to the reproductive organs |
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Definition
| Preganglionics from the lower thoracic and lumbar roots synapse at the same level, and the postgangs travel with the splanchnic nerves to the peraortic plexus, then continue down the plexi, through the inferior hypogastric plexus, and to the taregts |
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Term
| Which portion of the reproductive system is an exception to this general pattern? |
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Definition
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Term
| What usually supplies the gonads? Describe their route of innervation? |
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Definition
| Least splanchnics - leave T12, synapse in the renal ganglia and follow the gonadal arteries to the gonads |
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Term
| Where does parasympathetic input of the reproductive system originate? |
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Definition
| Pelvic splanchnic (S2-4) via the inferior hypogastrics |
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Term
| What is the SNS responsible for in the MRS? PNS? |
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Definition
SNS: induce ejaculation
PNS: erection |
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Term
| What happens to the postgang fibers after the pelvic splanchnics have synapsed in the inferior hypogastric plexus? |
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Definition
| Enter the erectile tissue and induce vasodilation, therefore causing erection |
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Term
| Where does SNS output from ejaculation usually come from? Do the preganglionics usually synapse at that level, or are they splanchnic? |
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Definition
| L1-2; usually synapse at that level |
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Term
| Describe the route for SNS innervation for ejactulation? |
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Definition
| Post synapse, the fibers usually follow the splanchnics down the descending chain of plexi to the inferior hypogastric plexus |
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Term
| How do SNS fibers cause ejaculation? |
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Definition
- Musculature of the vas deerences and prostatic capsule is contracted by SNS
- Sphincter of bladder contracted as well |
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Term
| What structure assists ejaculation, and what nerve innervates it? |
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Definition
- Bulbospongiosus
- Innervated by pudendal nerve |
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Term
| (T/F) The clit receives similar innervation to the penis |
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Definition
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