Term
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Definition
| A double walled serous membranous sac that contains each of the lungs |
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Term
| What are the 2 layers of the pleura? |
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Definition
1. Visceral pleura
2. Parietal pleura |
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Term
| (T/F) The pleura surrounds the lungs in their entirety |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the portion of the lungs that the pleura doesn't cover? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The root of the lung where the airways and blood vessels enter/leave |
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Term
| What is the pleural sac/cavity? |
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Definition
| The area between the two pleural layers |
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Term
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Definition
| The fluid found within the pleural sac |
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Term
| What does the parietal pleural do? What are the 3 areas of parietal pleura? |
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Definition
Covers the three surfaces of the lung:
1. Costal pleura
2. Diaphragmatic pleura
3. Mediastinual pleura |
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Term
| What does the costal surface cover? |
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Definition
| The section of the lungs that articulates with the ribcage |
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Term
| What does the diaphragmatic surface cover? |
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Definition
| The section of the lungs that articulates with the diphragm |
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Term
| What does the mediastinal surface cover? |
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Definition
| The medial surface of the lungs |
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Term
| What is the role of visceral pleura? |
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Definition
| It is attached to the lung surface, including the surfaces inside the fissures |
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Term
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Definition
Two:
1. Right lung
2. Left lung |
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Term
| What separates the lungs? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many sections does the left lung have? The right lung? |
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Definition
1. LL: 2 - superior and inferior lobes
2. RL: 3 - superior, middle, and inferior lobes |
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Term
| What divides the superior and inferior lobe of the LL? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the cardiac notch? |
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Definition
| The indentation in the left lung that is occupied by the heart, since the heart sits in the left in the thorax |
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Term
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Definition
| A flap of lung tissue that wraps anteriorly around the front of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| The top of the lung, which is dome shaped |
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Term
| What separates the superior and middle lobes on the RL? The Middle and inferior lobes? |
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Definition
| Horizontal fissure; oblique fissure |
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Term
| What 3 structures are found within the hilus? |
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Definition
1. Pulm arteries
2. Pulm veins
3. Bronchi |
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Term
| (T/F) The arteries tend to be superior to the veins in the hilus, whilst the bronchi are postrior |
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Definition
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Term
| What two structures does the trachea split into, in the chest? What is the fate of these three structures? |
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Definition
| The left and right primary bronchi; enter the lung |
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Term
| How many secondary branches does the LPB split into once it has entered the lung? |
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Definition
| Two secondary branches; one for each lobe |
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Term
| How many secondary branches does the RPB split into once it has entered the lung? |
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Definition
| Three secondary branches; one for each lobe |
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Term
| What is the fate of each secondary branch? |
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Definition
| Bifurcates into 2 or 3 tertiary bronchi |
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Term
| What is a bronchopulmonary lobule/segment? What supplies these structures? |
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Definition
| A smaller section of a lung lobe; the tertiary bronchi |
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Term
| (T/F) The branches of the pulmonary arteries, and the tributaries of the pulmonary veins, are distributed to the bronchopulmonary segments in a similar fashion |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the bronchial arteries? How does their function differ from the pulmonary arteries? |
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Definition
- The 2 arteries supplying the lung tissues with oxygen
- Pulmo arteries is meant to provide de-oxygenated blood to the lungs, for oxygenation |
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Term
| Describe the mechanics of inspiration? |
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Definition
| Phrenic nerves cause the diaphragem to contract, dome is pulled downwards and air ruches into the alveoli of the lungs |
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Term
| What happens in the walls of the alveoli? |
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Definition
| Blood is oxygenated and decarbonated |
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Term
| Describe the mechanics of expiration? |
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Definition
| Diaphragm rises, and the air reverses its course |
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Term
| What is the primary muscle of respiration? |
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Definition
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Term
| What muscles make up the secondary group of respiratory muscles? |
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Definition
1. Intercostal scalene
2. Pectoral muscles |
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Term
| What structure does pulmonary innervation pass through? Where is this structure located? |
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Definition
| The pulmonary plexus; around the bifurcation of the trachea |
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Term
| Where does SNS innervation arise for the lungs? Where do these nerves synapse? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the fate of these nerves after they synapse? |
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Definition
| They travel to the pulmonary plexus as the pulmonary splanchnic nerves |
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Term
| What nerve provides PNS innervation? Where does this nerve synapse? |
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Definition
| Vagus; the pulmonary trunk |
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Term
| (T/F) The postgang nerves of both SNS and PNS go predominantly to the trachea and primary bronchi? |
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Definition
| False, they go primarily to the smaller bronchioles |
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Term
| What does SNS innervation cause in the pulmonary system? PNS innervation? |
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Definition
SNS = bronchodilation
PNS = bronchoconstriction |
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