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The Respiratory System
The Respiratory System
41
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/01/2007

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Term
respiratory system consists of;
Definition
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
Term
upper respiratory system includes
Definition
nose, pharynx, and associated structures
Term
lower respiratory systems includes
Definition
larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles.
Term
respiratory zone consists of
Definition
tissues within the lungs where gas exchange occurs
Term
the main sites of gas exchange between air and blood
Definition
respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli
Term
the external nose consists of?     
Definition
The root, apex, bridge, external naris.  
Term
the cartilage of the nose consists of ?
Definition
the septal, lateral nasal, and alar
Term
the interior structure of the external nose has three fucntions, what are they?
Definition

warming, moistening, filtering inocming air.

detecting smell

modify speech vibrations 

Term
the anterior portion of the nasal cavity just inside the nostrils is called?  
Definition
vestibule
Term
paranasal sinuses funtions  
Definition

lighten the skull

act as resonance chamber for speech

produce mucus that drains into nasal cavity 

Term
pharynx starts at what and extends to what?
Definition
the internal naris and extends to the cricoid cartilage
Term
name the three regions of the pharyx
Definition

the nasopharynx,

the oropharynx,

laryngopharynx 

Term
the nasopharynx has 5 openings in its wall what are they?
Definition
2 internal nares, 2 estachian tube, 1 oropharynx
Term
the nasopharynx extends from what to what?  
Definition
nasal cavity to soft palate
Term
oropharynx extends from waht to what?
Definition
the soft palate to hyoid bone
Term
the only opening in the oropharynx would be?
Definition
fauces, this part of the pharynx has both respiratory and digestive functions.
Term
the laryngopharynx extends from what to where?
Definition
from the hyoid bone to the (opens) esophagus
Term
the larynx, or voice box, connects the laryngopharynx to what?
Definition
the trachea
Term
the wall of the larynx is made up of how many cartilage?
Definition
nine
Term
three pieces of the larynx cartilage occur singly what are they?   
Definition
the thyroid cartilage, epiglottis, and cricoid cartilage
Term
three of the nine pieces of cartilage occur in pairs, what are the pairs of what?
Definition
the artenoid, cuniform, and corniculate cartilage
Term
what ligament is connected to the hyoid bone?`
Definition
the thyroid membrane
Term
the cricoid has two ligaments what are they?
Definition
the criothyroid ligament, and criotracheal ligament
Term
the pair of arytenoid cartilages attatch to what?
Definition
the vocal cords and the muscles
Term
the trachea is what (position) of the esophagus?
Definition
infront of or anterior
Term
the trachea extends from what to what?
Definition
extends from the larynx to (thoracis vertebra) T5
Term
at T5 the trachea divides into what?
Definition
right and left pulmonary bronchii
Term
the point where the trachea divides into the primary bronchii, is called what?
Definition
carina, which triggers cough reflex
Term
the right primary bronchus is more what   ?
Definition
more vertical, shorter, and wider than the left.
Term
the primary bronchii enters the lung at what ?
Definition
the hilus (medial depression)
Term
the primary bronchii divide to form smaller bronchi, called?
Definition
the secondary (lobar) bronchi, tertiary (semental) bronchi, which divide into bronchioles, and then into terminal bronchiales.
Term
branching of the bronchial tree
Definition
trachea, primary bronchii, secondary bronchii, tertiary bronchi, broncioles, terminal bronchioles
Term
the layers of the serous membrane, collectivley are called what?
Definition
the pleural membrane, which enclose and protect the lungs.
Term
the superficial layer of the serous membrane is called what? and does what?
Definition
the parietal pleura which lines the wall of the throracic cavity
Term
the deep layer is called and does what?
Definition
is called the visceral pleura, and covers the lungs themselves.
Term
the small space between the visceral and parietal pleurae is called what and does what?
Definition
the pleural cavity and contains a small amount of lubricating fluid secreted by the membranes
Term
inspiration is an what procesS?
Definition
an active process involving the diaphram and external intercostal muscles.
Term
forced inhilation
Definition
assisted by other muscles, helps raise ribs even more during regular breathing.
Term
expiration is a what process?
Definition
a passive process involving relaxation of inspiratory muscles and eslastic recoil of lung tissue.
Term
forced expiration is a what process
Definition
more of an active process
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