Term
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Definition
-gas exchange takes place between the lungs and the blood
-air filled pockets
-gas-exchange surfaces relatively delicate and thin, allows for rapid diffusion between air and blood |
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Term
| 5 basic functions of the respiratory system |
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Definition
-provide large area for gas exchange between air and circulating blood
-moving air to and from the gas-exchange surfaces of the lungs
-protecting the respiratory surfaces from dehydration and temperature changes and defending against invading pathogens
-producing sounds that permit speech, singing, and non-verbal auditory communications
-providing olfactory sensations to the central nervous system for the sense of smell. |
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Term
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Definition
-2 portions
-conducting
-begins at the entrance to the nasal cavity and continues through the pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and the larger bronchioles.
-filters, warms, and humidifies inhaled air, protecting alveoli from debris, pathogens and environmental extremes
-respiratory
-includes the smallest and most delicate bronchioles and the alveoli |
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Term
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Definition
| -air enters through paired external nares, which open into nasal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
-space enclosed withing the flexible tissues of the nose
-coarse hairs extend across the nostrils and guard the nasal cavity from large airborne particles |
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Term
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Definition
-formed by the palatine and maxillary bones
-forms the floor of the nasal cavity and separates the oral and nasal cavities |
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Term
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Definition
| -fleshy, extends behind the hard palate and underlies the nasopharynx |
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Term
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Definition
-throat
-shared by the digestive and respiratory systems
-extends between the internal nares and the entrances to the larynx and esophagus
-3 subdivisions
-nasopharynx, oropharynx and the laryngopharynx |
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Term
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Definition
-connected to the nasal cavity by the internal nares and extends to the posterior edge of the soft palate
-contains pharyngeal tonsil and entrances to the auditory tubes |
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Term
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Definition
-extends between the soft palate and the base of the tongue at the level of the hyoid bone
-contains palatine tonsils |
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Term
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Definition
| -extends between the level of the hyoid bone and the entrance to the esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
-entrance to the larynx
-narrow opening |
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Term
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Definition
-voice box
-consists of 9 cartilages stabilized by ligaments, skeletal muscles or both
-largest of the cartilages are the epiglottis, thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
-projects above the glottis
-folds back over the glottis during swallowing, preventing the entry of liquids or solids into the respiratory tract. |
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Term
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Definition
-forms Adam's apple
-forms much of the anterior and lateral surfaces of the larynx
-sits superior to the cricoid cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
-posterior to the thyroid cartilage
-provides posterior support to the larynx |
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Term
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Definition
-help prevent foreign objects from entering the glottis
-protect the true vocal chords |
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Term
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Definition
-contain elastic ligaments that extend between the thyroid cartilage and the arytenoid cartilages
-food or liquids that touch these will trigger the coughing reflex |
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Term
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Definition
| -air that passes through the glottis vibrates the vocal chords, which produces sound waves |
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Term
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Definition
-windpipe
-1 inch in diameter and 4.25 inches long (roughly)
-begins at the 6th cervical vertebra, where it attaches to the cricoid cartilage of the larynx
-ends in the mediastinum at the level of the fifth thoracic vertebra, where it branches to form the right and left primary bronchi |
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Term
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Definition
-c shaped
-15-20
-protect the airway, stiffening the tracheal walls to prevent collapse or over-expansion as pressures change in the respiratory system |
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Term
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Definition
-diameter of the trachea controlled by these muscles
-under autonomic control
-sympathetic stimulation increases the diameter of the trachea, making it easier to move large volumes of air |
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