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| Tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables. |
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| Any measureable conditions, events, characteristics, or behaviors that are controlled or observed in a study |
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1. Formulate testable hypothesis
2.Design the study
3. Collect the data
4. Anaylze the data and draw conclusions
5. Report the findings |
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| Condition or even that an experimenter varies in order to see its impact on another variable |
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| Describes the actions or operations that will be used to meaure or control a variable |
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| The variable that's thought to be affected by manipulation of the independent variable |
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| In-depth investigation of an individual subject |
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| occurs when a subject's behavior is altered by the presence of an observer |
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| Provide an overview of numerical data; used to organize and summarize data |
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| Refers to how much the scores in a data set vary from each other and from the mean |
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| Index of the amount of variablity in a set of data |
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| Exists when two variables are related to each other |
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| Numerical index of the degree of relationship between two variables; indicates the strength of an association between two variables; near 0 = no relationship, near 1, -1 = consistent relationship |
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| Two variables co-vary in the SAME direction |
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| Two variables co-vary in OPPOSITE directions |
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| Collection of subjets selected for observation in an empirical study |
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| the much larger collection of animals/people (from which the sample is drawn) that researchers want to generalize about |
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| Exists when a sample is not representative of the population from which it was drawn |
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| Tendency to give socially approved answers to questions about oneself |
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| Tendency to respond to questions in a particular way that is unrelated to the content of the questions |
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| Occurs when one's overall evaluation of a person, object, or institution spills over to influence more specific ratings |
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| Researcher's expectations or preferences about the outcome of a study influence the results obtained |
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| Research strategy in which neither participants nor experimenters know which subjects are in the experimental control groups |
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| Often consists of stories that people have heard about others' experiences |
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