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| gave the definitive answer to Harnack and his liberal followers in regards to the so-called "historical Jesus" |
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| theology with its starting point at the "revealnce to life" |
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Christology "from above" Classical |
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| christology that begins with who Christ is in evaluation the significance of His work |
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| uesed in certain liberal and neo-orthodox theologians in order to distinguish between the Jesus of history and the Christ of faith |
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| conservative who opposed Arianism (liberal) at the Council of Nicea |
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T/F The existence of Christ as the "Son of God" has its beginnings in Bethlehem when He became incarnate as the son of Mary. |
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T/F Docetism and Apollinarianism were ancient heresies regarding the divine nature of Christ |
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| term that was argued in class that is a better way to speak of the virgin birth since there was no "miracle" as such involved with Jesus "birth" per se. |
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| two heresies that rejected the Virgin Birth in the ancient church |
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| scripture that teaches when "a virgin shall conceive" it will be a "sign" |
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T/F Several NT passages report that Joseph was Jesus' "father" |
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T/F Many have argued against the teaching of the Virgin Birth because it is not mentioned in John or in any of the epitsles |
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3 offices Erickson liked the word "function" of Christ |
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T/F In Jesus' state of humiliation, Erickson teaces that the son of God gave up the independent exercise of His divine attributes |
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| the obligation of the sinner to the law of God |
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| the significance of "Passover" for the understanding of the Atonement is the idea of . . . |
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| term applied to the atonement emphasies that a "price" was paid for the release of the sinner |
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| teaching of Iraneus in the ancient church |
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| Classical Theory of the Atonement |
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| taught by Augustine and is sometimes referred to as the "Ransom to Satan" theory |
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taught the "Moral Influence" theory of Atonement also popular more recently among many liberal churches |
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| often associated with the Pelagian theory of imputation |
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| taught that the death of Christ was necessary only because God had to make a demonstartion of His hatred of sin |
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| The Law is a "_____________" of God' moral character |
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| The "objective element" of the atonement is the "_____________" in order to alter the situation of sinful humanity before a holy god. |
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| Penal Substitutionary Satisfaction Theory |
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| Erickson teaches that this is the best "theory" of the Atonement |
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| argue from passages such as Matthew 1:21 that Jesus came only to save a certain select group - - the elect |
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| "and she will bring forth a son, and you shall call His name Jesus, for He will save His people from their sins." |
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| Particularist argue that passages such as John 3:16 where the term "world" is used, it has in mind the "world without distinction"- not the "world without exception" |
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| group that argues that their understanding of limited atonement is the only view that does justice to God's love because it is extended generally to all and yet reserved in a special way for the elect |
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| one of the most famous of the Arminianist in America |
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| argued that Redemption, Propitiation, and Reconciliation are all stated in the NT in terms tat extend the efficacy to the entire world -- not just the elect |
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| teaches that "Christ died to make the salvation of all men possible" and the salvation of the elect certain |
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Famous German theologian who developed demythologization |
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| given message to deliver from God to humanity |
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Office of Christ mediator between God and man |
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| text where Jesus says "I and the Father are one" |
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Denial of the real or ontological deity of Jesus. Jesus was an ordinary man possessed of unusual but not superhuman or supernatural gifts of righteousness and wisdom. This view of Jesus had the virtue of resolving the tension between belief in the deity of Jesus and the monotheistic view of God. Christ and Jesus were basically two different entities before the crucifixion. |
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condemned by the church at the council of Nicea A central conception in understanding of Jesus is the absolute uniqueness and transcendence of God. God is the one source of all things, the only uncreated existent in the whole universe. The Father, did not create the earth |
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| God existed in different modes at different times. Do not hold to the Trinity. God has three forms. |
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| 3 ways the expression "son of God" is used in Scripture |
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| The union of deity and humanity in one being without confusion. The union of two natures in one person. |
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| is the compound of God and man. The question relates to Christ’s person not His nature. |
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| focuses on Mary’s sin-free state |
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| Jesus being born out of the Holy Spirit. |
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| Argued Semi-Pelagianism was a heresy. Between Augustine and Pelagius. Had to do with the degree to which a human being is responsible for his or her won salvation and the role of grace to which God brings about salvation. As a result of this council, they concluded that the state of sinless perfection was achievable in this life. |
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| similar to montanism but no prophecy, deep concern for morality |
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early charismatic, prophesies clarifies scriptures, Tertullian was the most famous convert. Emphasized a high standard for Christian living.
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| Works of the Holy Spirit that reflect His divine attributes |
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| In Creation, In Divine Revelation, and In Individuals, Striving against the Wicked, Indwells, Empowers, Teaches, Intercedes. |
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| - argued that miraculous Spiritual Gifts ceased with the Gospels/Apostles |
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| work “with.” God and man work with each other. |
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theory Incarnation, God becomes flesh. First he was god, then he became man, then became God again when he died. |
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| They would have rejected the virgin birth because all matter is evil. The Ebionites deny the deity of Christ which makes the virgin birth a problem. Virgin birth=matter=evil. |
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| This document, after asserting the primacy of Scripture over creeds, set forth a revision of CALVINISM: Christ died for all, not only for the elect; divine GRACE is not irresistible; Christians can fall from grace, through free will, and be lost. These affirmations constituted a rejection of the most extreme Calvinist interpretation of PREDESTINATION. |
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Who was the hero of the Council of Nicea Arius opposed Him. Arius argued Christ was a created being- he is wrong. |
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| human nature not real, he only seemed to be human (heavily influenced by Plato and Aristotle). |
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| 2 points that Baptist hold to |
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This view denies the virgin birth of Jesus Christ, that Jesus was the son of Joseph and Mary, It is a denial of the deity of Christ. |
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| The belief that Jesus Christ is not part of God, but a being created and inferior to God. Condemned as heretical in 325 AD. Jehovah's Witnesses share similiar beliefs , as does Islam |
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A cluster of Trinitarian heresies of the second and third centuries claiming that there is only one person in God, but that this one person manifests himself in three different ways or modes, e.g., as creator (Father), redeemer (Son), and sanctifier (Holy Spirit).
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An early form of modalism
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| Suggest several claims of Jesus in support of His Deity |
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• He Claimed Authority over the laws and Institutions of God
He Claimed Authority to be the Object of Faith
He Claimed Equality with God, the Father
He Claimed a Unique Relationship with the Father
He Claimed to be Able to Satisfy Our Deepest Needs
He Claimed to Give Eternal Life and Security
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| Suggest at least three ways the expression “son of God” is used in Scripture. |
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1- He is Called the Son of God…John 10:31-36—I am the Son of God
2- Used of Men and Angels Rom 8:14—all who are being led by the Spirit of God, these are the sons of God.
3- Used Uniquely of Christ John 19:7—He ought to die because He made Himself out to be the Son of God
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Ways Jesus demonstrates deity |
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• Creation (John 1:3,10; Col 1:16)
• Providence (Lk 10:22; Col 1:17)
• Gives Life (John 11:43,44; 8:28, 29)
• Forgives Sins (Lk 5:20, 21)
• Receives Worship (Mt 16:15-17)
• Receives and Answers Prayer (John 14:14; Acts 7:59)
• Demands Obedience and Discipleship (Matt 4:19; 822; 19:21; Mk 2:14)
• He Builds and Sustains the Church (Mt 16:18; Eph 4:7-16)
• He is the Final Judge (Mt 25:31-46; Jn 5:22)
• He is involved in the Final Events of History (Phil 3:21; Heb 1:10-12)
• Scripture Assigns Divine Honor to Him (John 14:1; Heb 1:6; Matt 28:19)
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| “Christ instead of the sinner” |
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| “conformity to God’s standard” |
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| “cancellation of punishment due” |
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| “release and deliverance” |
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| “turning enmity to amity” |
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| “natural and judicial consequences |
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a. There are two terms that you should be aware of: Monergism- one work. and Synergism- work “with.” In theology they have a more literal meaning. Augustin argued that it was God only and Pelagius argued that it was man only. The Semi-Pelagian argued that it was both. Semi Pelagianism was condemned
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| : “Christ died to save the elect” Kuiper |
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argue: Christ died to make salvation possible for all and certain for the elect. Lightner
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similar to montanism but no prophecy, deep concern for morality
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early charismatic, prophesies clarifies scriptures, Tertullian was the most famous convert. Emphasized a high standard for Christian living.
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| The teaching that we cooperate with God in our efforts of salvation. This is opposed to monergism which is the teaching that God is the sole agent involved in salvation. |
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….rule of Bishops
• Authority Resides in the Bishop
• Levels in the Structure is the Idea of Different Levels of Ministry or Different Degrees of Ordinations
• The Bishop is the Key to the Functioning of Church Government
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• Authority Primarily in a Particular Office, the Office of Elder
• The Authority is Exercised in a Series of Governing Assemblies
• The Prerogatives of Each Governing Body are Spelled Out in the Constitution of the Denomination
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…..rule of the people
• Seat of Authority is the Local Congregation
• Two Concepts Basic to Congregational Scheme
o Autonomy
o Democracy
• Baptists, Congregationalists, Lutheran
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Non-governmental……no official pastor
• Does Not Hold to a Particular form of Church Government
• Deny the Need for a Concrete or Visible Form
• Stresses the “Inner-Working” of the Holy Spirit
• Quakers, Plymouth Brethren
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| Roman Catholic….Episcopal…Marchical-Papal |
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• Disorder of Authority is From the Bishop of Rome, Archbishops, to Bishops, to Priest (top down)
• The Authority of the Pope
• The Exercise of Authority of the Pope
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| is the belief that Christ will literally reign on the earth for 1,000 years at his second coming. it views the current age as prior to Christ’s kingdom. |
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named for its denial of a future, thousand-year, physical reign of Jesus Christ on the earth
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One who believes that Christ will rapture Christians after the Great Tribulation.
The view that similar NT texts identify the Rapture with the Second Coming. There are many signs that precede both the Rapture and the Second Coming and both events occur simultaneously at the end of the 70th Week of Daniel.
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covenant nation, name, and universal blessing (seed), |
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covenant national promises that God gave, King, seed (the focus of Christ coming through Davidic line) |
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| the present age, the new covenant that was given the Judah and Jerusalem, the ultimate restoration and establishment of the Kingdom. |
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It is that moment in which the Church is removed from the earth.
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| for believers, He will sit upon his glorious throne and judge all the nations, David’s throne on earth. For believers to give an account of their lives to Christ. |
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| Christ died to "obtain salvation" for all |
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everything other than God (Father) has been created highest creatures but still 'creatures' says Jesus couldn't have been fully God |
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theory of Iraneous "going over again" |
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throw out "limited atonement" known as 4 point calvism |
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| Christ died to make salvation possible for all and certain for the elect |
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John Wesley Ariminiuss Bishop Asbury - circuit riding preacher Cartwright |
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| It is counted as the Third Ecumenical Council, and was chiefly concerned with Nestorianism. |
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| semi - pelagianism was condemned |
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held to the theory that human nature of Christ was not as important as it's "significance" |
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| Commercial (satisfaction) theory of anselem |
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grace received by keeping the sacriments seen in Catholic church |
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Historie -- facts/ data Geschicher -- begins with subjective |
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divides natures of Christ one part can act without the other |
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Jesus did not become material He only appeared to have a body not really incarnate |
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| promises to Judah and Jerusalem |
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| theologian that brough 'novel' ideas to Nicea |
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| theology starts from Genesis and moves to the end |
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believe 'man alone' responsible for salvation |
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| believed 'God alone' for salvation |
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| blend of man alone and God alone |
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| judgement not for believers |
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ressurection to life 1st fruits those 'in Christ' O.T. saints |
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| time for the Great White Throne Judgement |
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| different nature than God |
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similar nature as the Father comproise of Esubius |
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Son of Man Son of God Bread of Life I am |
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subjective peace feeling as bad about sin as God does |
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interprets scripture by beginning with the cross |
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| theology that begins with Genesis and moves to the end |
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God restores t all people sufficient abililty to believe not in themselves but a gift of God |
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| Ransom - to - Save Theory |
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classic theory associated with C.S. Lewis "son of man" no where does scriptures ascribe the sin-debt |
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| human nature was absorbed into diety |
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human act of faith blessed with Grace working with / both and God and man |
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