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Theology Final!
TERMS
90
Other
Not Applicable
12/09/2009

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Term

Chalcedonian definition

Definition

-made in fourth ecumenical council

-God and Man
-perfect in deity and in humanness
-of same reality of God and of same reality of us

-Two Natures are:
   -not confused, divided, transmuted, separated or divided.


Term

Hypostatic union

Definition

The Christian Christological belief in a perfect union of two distinct but never separate natures--one human and one divine--in one integral, eternal divine person.
(two whats, one who)

-View of the of Chalcedonian definition

Term

docetism

Definition

-Gnostic heretic view of Chirstology
-matter is evil or corrupt. Thus, deny the full and true incarnation of the Son of God in humanity

-dualistic Christology: distingushes the "christ" as heavienly, spiritual redemer and teh "jesus", the human taken over by the Christ and used as his instruemtn for a time on earth

Term

adoptionism

Definition

-Christological heresy romoted by Paul of Samosata
-Jesus Christ was only human but a very special human: thus adopted by God as his special prophet and "son"
-denies Jesus' ontological deity (equality with God's own eternal being)
-"human face of god" or "God's deputy and representative among men"

Term

Arianism

Definition

-sophisticated form of adoptionism (christological heresy) 
-"God's first and greatest creature, but not God or eaqual with GOd"
-incarnation of archangel Michael

-making Jesus a created being, raises questions of his ability to save humanity and be worshiped

Term

Apollinarianism

Definition

-Christological heresy by Apollinarius
-Christ did not have a human rational soul or spirit.
-human body and soul, without a human rational soul
-"God in a bod"

Term

Nestorianism

Definition

-Heretic view of christology by Nestorius

-Divided the person of Christ into two persons working in harmony

-the "person" of Christ was actually a "moral union of two persons like a perfect marriage

-The human one was born, experienced limited knowledge, grew in wisdom, sufferend adn died.
-the Divine one, (Logos, Son of God), performed miracles, had no weaknesses, frailties, suffering or death

Term
Eutychianism
Definition

-heretic view of Christology By Eutyches
-Christ's humanity was "like a drop of wine in the ocean of his divinity"

-Jesus had a human nature in theory but was swallowed up by his divinity

Term

Monophysitism

Definition

-Heretical view of christology: Belief in one nature

-Eutychianism is also called monophysitism beause they denied that Jesus could have two full and complete natures

Term
kenotic christology
Definition

-Diverse Christian view of Christiology

-Jesus Christ had two natures and was one person but was also limited in knowledge and power because of voluntary decision of self-restriction or self-limitation made by the Son of God who became Jesus Christ

-One person, two natures

Term

“two minds” christology

Definition

-denies limitations of knowledge or power in JC and attaches 2 wills and 2 conciousness to his single personhood

Term

atonement

Definition

refers to the work of Christ by which he brought humanity and God together in spite of our sin and God's holiness

Term

Unificationism

Definition

-Heresy in salvation
-Belief that Christ died before he was able to finish his mission b/c he did not have children and establish a new humanity----thus, another savior will complete his work

Term

ransom theory

Definition

-early model of atonement which says that since the fall, Satan held humanity in captivity an dJesus was paid as ransom

(view inside orthodoxy)

Term

satisfaction theory

Definition

-atonement =transaction in which Jesus pays the debt of sin on our behalf (Anselm)

Term
moral influence theory
Definition

-Christ's main work on the cross was provision of a moral influence that changes the perspective of humanity and causes them to trust God and repent of their sins (Peter Abelard)

Term
Christus Victor
Definition

-Atonement as a spiritual battle in which Jesus defeats Satan and evil powers--and humaniti is freed (Luther)

Term

penal substitution theory

Definition

-Burden of condemnation from which we were freed was laid upon Christ who took oru punishment (Calvin) 

Term

Pelagianism

Definition

(heresy on salvation)

-Belief that denies original sin and teaches that humans have a natural ability to live sinless lives apart from divine grace

Term

apokatastasis

Definition

-(heresy on salvation)

-All people are saved in Christ quite apart from the ir responses to him, ultimate reconciliation

Term

universalism

Definition

-(heresy on salvation)

-same as apokatastasis--> unviersal salvation

Term
ordo salutis
Definition

-Order of salvation, human's role  and  God's role in salvation

Term

monergism

Definition

-any belief that God is the sole sovereign agent in salvation

Term
synergism
Definition

-any belief that salvation is a cooperative project and process beteween God (superior partner) and man (crucial partner)

Term

unconditional election

Definition

-God sovereignty predestines some fallen people to be saved

Term

limited atonement

Definition

-Christ's death only saved those he predestined

Term

irresistible grace

Definition
grace that you can't resist
Term

foreknowledge

Definition

-God knew ahead of time who was going to be saved

 

Term
prevenient grace
Definition

-Divine grace which precedes human decision but enables personal acceptance of God's gift

Term

faith alone vs. faith & works of love

Definition

-Protestant vs. Chatholic

(views on salvation)

Term
justification
Definition

-Declaration by God that a person is righteous with Christ's own righteousness even though that person is still a sinner in thought, word and deed (reconciliation and frogiveness)

Term

sanctification

Definition

-process of growth in repentance and righteousness (inward, spiritual condition

Term
imputed righteousness
Definition
Christ's righteousness covers our sin (luther/protestant)
Term
infused righteousness
Definition
Christ's work in us helps us to do righteous acts (Catholics)
Term

one, holy, catholic, apostolic

Definition
381
Term

sectarianism

Definition

-(heresy) Belief of attitude that the unity of the church is unimportant and that the essence of th echurch may exist without unity

Term
institutional unity
Definition
Roman Catholic belief in the visible unity under the pope and bishops
Term

invisible unity

Definition
Prespitant belief that the CHurch is spiritually united rather than institutionally united
Term

episcopal

Definition

-its polity is centered aroudn the office of bishop, who are elected by clergy & lay representatives and confirmed by other bishops

-Ordained in apostolic succession

 

Term

presbyterian

Definition
Term

congregational

Definition

-Churches that are completely autonomous, with no bishops or authoritative representative bodies over them
-join with other churches in order to pull or contribute resources

Term

baptismal regeneration

Definition

-being born again of God's spirit through baptism

Term

Eucharist

Definition
Eucharist
Term

transubstantiation

Definition
the transformation of the substance of bread and wine into the body and blood of Jesus Christ
Term

consubstantiation

Definition
belief that the humanity of JChirst is truly present "in, with and under" the elements of bread and wine (Luther believed)
Term

real presence

Definition
Zwingly denied "real precence" in bread and wine, saying it was simply a "memorial meal" commemorating Christ's death
Term

communicatio idiomatum

Definition
-the communication of divine attributes to the humanity of Christ such that in his risen and exalted conditions he could be present everywhere
Term

spiritual presence

Definition
Christ isn't physically, but spiritually present in the elements of communion (Calvin)
Term

believer baptism

Definition
a public act of commitment to Christ and his church (not a mean of grace), through infusion or effusion (drinking or pouring of water)
Term

eschatology

Definition
study of the end of times
Term

resurrection

Definition

-

Term

judgment, heaven, hell

Definition
Term

immortality of souls

Definition

- comon heretic folk belief about Christianity that neglects or excludes bodily resurrection

Term

reincarnation

Definition
THe heretical belief in the transignation of souls or spirits
Term

objective immortality

Definition
Belief that the only existence of persons after bodily death is their enduring influence on the world and precence in God's memory
Term

intermediate state

Definition
Between bodily death and bodily resurection
Term

purgatory

Definition

-Catholics: a place were souls of persons who died in a state of grace but with the stain of corruption of sin stay there until purified

Term

soul sleep

Definition

-

-Protestant belief that the only intermediate state of souls is either nonexistence until bodily resurrection or else speep like waiting for when Christ comes

Term

annihilationism

Definition
belief that the everlastingess of hell is extinctio and that God punishes unbeliever sby burning them up and shows them mercy by allowign htem to cease existing as rebelious persons under condemnation
Term

parousia

Definition

-The time when Jesus Christ will come back to earth

-means "appearing" or "comming"

Term

consummation

Definition
-the "now" part of the Kingdom
Term

new heaven, new earth

Definition

-the future kingdom of God and Christ's return

Term

radically realized eschatology

Definition

-(heresy) Any view of universal eschatology that claims the parousia, the kingdom of God, and new heaven and new earth have laready been realized

-denies the future aspect of the Kingdom

-God is not Lord adn sovereign ruler now but only in the future

 

Term

extreme adventism

Definition

-identifies the kingdom of God--God's rule and reign--as exclusively future and pits that future when Christ returns in catastrophic mode against the past and present which are viewed as devoid of God's kingdom

-God is not Lord adn sovereign ruler now but only in the future

Term

futurism

Definition

-the mode of interpretation that assumes most or all of the symbols and images of biblical apocalyptic literature refer to realities still in the future

-antachrist is yet to appear

Term

preterism

Definition

-retards all or most symbols or images of biblical apocalyptic literature as already fulfilled for us even if the fulfillment was future for the visionary and his first readers

-antichrist has already appeared and may be an office or a kind of person or political entity rather than a specific person

Term

historicism

Definition

-sees symbols and images as codes for persons, entities and events contemporary with the acopalypticists

-antichrist was the Roman emperor or Rome itself

Term

millennialism

Definition

-refers to any belief in an earthly, visibly rule and reign of Christ within world history

-Christ's invisible rule and reign through the church if or when it results in a true Christianization of all nations.

-A millenioum occurs if this Christianizatoin is followed by the immediate return of Christ 

-a specific earthly historical, and political order over which Christ rules

-some premillennialists believe in a two-stage parousia of Christ ("secret rapture" of true bleievers before Christ returns bodily to destroy the antichrsit adn usher in his earthly kingdom"

 

 

Term

pre-amillennialism

Definition

-Pre: any belief that Christ will return visibly to earth at the end of this present age of world history and establish his kingdom--the kingdomof God in its fullness--over all the world

-Christ's return will be accompanied by the sounding of the "trupet of the Lord"

-History will continue--probably for a thousand years, AFTER the parousia
-durign this millenium, Christ will rule and reign as Messiah and Lord and enforce peace and justice--(of "new Jerusalem", the fulfillment and manifestation of the kingdom of God)

Term

dispensationalism


Definition

-the denial of any sociopolitical, historical kindom of God before or after Christ's return
-Kingdom of God is spirituallized (Augustine)
-After God's parusia, come sthe judgement and then the new heaven and new earth (the one thousand year period mentioned in revelation is between Christ's incarnation and his return--the age of the chruch)
-Kingdom of God within history: not a utopian social order, but as God's spiritual precence throuhg Christ and Holy Spirit in church and heaven.

Term
*Christology
Definition
Doctrine about the person of Christ
Term
postamillennialism
Definition

-the belief in an actual kingdom of God on earth before Christ's second coming.

-In order to count as true postmillennialism the model of the kingdom of God must include a Christianization of the world order prior to the parousia

-World turns better over time until Christ comes

-postmillennialists use thsi model as a powerful motive for Christian involvement in social justice and evangelism

Term
Origen
Definition
Term
Gregory of Nyssa
Definition
From Moses’ birth to his death, Gregory analyzes every step of his time on earth and uses each one as a spiritual symbol comparable to steps in the life of a growing believer. The Life of Moses was a mystical classic which taught that one could eventually commune with God after reaching a point of pure faith. Very Symbolic.
Term
Gregory Palamas
Definition

 

    A defense of the hesychast tradition. 1) knowledge gained through the transcendental experience is superior to all human knowledge. 2)In the transcendental experience the flesh and the soul participate together in divine communion. 3) God’s essence transcends our participation in him.   
    Main Point: God is fully immanent, accessible to humanity through spiritual experience, while remaining completely transce

Term
Justin Martyr
Definition
In his writings Justin Martyr ceaselessly works to present a coherent and correct view of the Christian faith.  Whether he is writing to reach the Romans or the Jews he uses Scripture and reason to defend and justify the faith before its opponents, often very effectively.
Term
Boethius
Definition

     The book takes the form of a dialogue between Lady Philosophy and Boethius. Through prose and poetry, Boethius reconsiders the nature of happiness, and Philosophy comforts him with the reminder that good men cannot be harmed and ultimately are rewarded.

Term
Augustine of Hippo
Definition
City of God was written as an attempt to sort through all of the chaos that was surrounding Roman Christian life and establish an understanding of Creation and the way God, his people and evil work within it.  The books XI-XIV in City of God discuss the Creation and its fall and passions.  This includes questions concerning the timeline of creation, the creation of angels and the implications of humanity’s fall.
Term
Thomas Aquinas
Definition

-Three main virtues of Christian Faith: faith, hope and love

  •  

      -God’s immutability is justified by the fact that he is outside of time 
      -God created out of divine goodness, not out of necessity

  •  

      -men (because women already have) can only be realized when he knows God and his essence (beatific vision

  •  

      -When God ate of tree he removed his will from subjection to God

Term
Julian of Norwich
Definition
Term
Jonathan Edwards
Definition
True religion in great part consists in holy affections. –Holy affections determine true and false religion. Affections are habitual emotions that define who a person is. The affection of love is not an act, but a habit formed and shaped by a profound understanding (namely, of grace).
Term
Anselm of Canterbury
Definition

Why did God have to become human and die? 
“Man was created for a state of blessedness which cannot be had in this life, and that no one can arrive at that state if his sins have not been got rid of”

It is necessary that a “God-man” redeem humanity.  This God-man cannot have an interchangeable nature such that divine nature becomes human or human nature becomes divine.

Term
Philipp Spener
Definition
Term
John Calvin
Definition
.  God is more glorified under the Gospel because the grace of Christ is more clearly manifested. In chapter ten, Calvin aims to prove the essential resemblance of the two Testaments. He is mainly concerned with one point: both Testaments contain promises of eternal life
Term
Gregory of Nazianzus
Definition
This discussion centers on the equality of both the Father and Son and their relationship to the Holy Spirit. 
Term
Cyril of Alexandria
Definition
  1. Nestorius said that the Logos was conjoined to man and dwelled in Christ. Logically then, there are 2 sons, one is the Only Begotten Word of God and the other is Jesus, the human son whom Mary gave birth to.

    Cyril refutes Nestorius’ argument by maintaining the unity of Christ—Christ is one person—that it was the Logos who assumed a human body.

 

Term
John Wesley
Definition

    Wesley’s purpose for writing this book is to give the original sources supporting his doctrine of Christian perfection.

    In Wesley’s theology salvation is done through both justification and sanctification, which he calls God’s instantaneous as well as gradual work on his children.

 

Term
Desiderius Erasmus
Definition

 Erasmus believes that human beings do have free will, but it cannot “attain its end without grace” (80).  Luther, however, maintains that human beings do not have a free will because their will is either held in bondage by sin or enslaved by the grace of God. 

  •  

       

Term
Symeon the New Theologian
Definition

    Symeon the New Theologian was the leader of a monastic community, and a staunch opponent of scholastic theology, instead favoring a more mystical approach. 

    Throughout the book Symeon addresses the issues of: 1) what an ascetic lifestyle is, and 2) how one should go about pursuing this.

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