Term
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Definition
Beta Lactam Antibiotic
Only effective against Beta Hemolytic, Groups A and B Streptococcus
DOC for syphilis |
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Definition
Beta Lactam
Anti-Staph Drug
DOC for MSSA |
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Definition
Beta Lactam
Anti-Staph Drug
DOC for MSSA |
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Definition
Beta Lactam
Anti-Staph Drug
DOC for MSSA |
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Definition
Beta Lactam
- Aminopenicillin Drug
- Designed against G- organisms --> not effective anymore because of Beta-Lactamase produced by enteric G- bacteria
- Effective against Alpha Hemolytic Streptococcus (S. pneumoniae, Viridans group)
- Effective against Enterococcus faecalis in the blood --> give IV
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Definition
Beta Lactam
- Aminopenicillin Drug
- Designed against G- organisms --> not effective anymore because of Beta-Lactamase produced by enteric G- bacteria
- Effective against Alpha Hemolytic Streptococcus (S. pneumoniae, Viridans group)
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Definition
Beta Lactam
- Anti-Pseudomonal Drug
- Effective against Enteric bacteria (E. coli, Klebsiella) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Drug is still susceptible to Beta Lactamase so it is usually combined with Ticarcillin
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Definition
Beta Lactam
- Anti-Pseudomonal Drug
- Effective against Enteric bacteria (E. coli, Klebsiella) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Drug is still susceptible to Beta Lactamase so it is usually combined with Piperacillin
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Definition
Beta Lactamase Inhibitor
- Usually combined with Ampicillin (Ampicillin/Sulbactam)
- Inhibits beta lactamase so the antibiotic can work on bacteria
- Improved activity against organisms that produce beta-lactamase such as:
1. Staphylococcus aureus
2. Enteric G- Bacteria (E. coli, Klebsiella)
3. Respiratory G-
4. Anaerobes |
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Definition
Beta Lactamase Inhibitor
- Usually combined with Amoxicillin and Ticarcillin
- Inhibits beta lactamase so the antibiotic can work on bacteria
- Improved activity against organisms that produce beta-lactamase such as:
1. Staphylococcus aureus
2. Enteric G- Bacteria (E. coli, Klebsiella)
3. Respiratory G-
4. Anaerobes |
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Term
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Definition
Beta Lactamase Inhibitor
- Usually combined with Piperacillin
- Inhibits beta lactamase so the antibiotic can work on bacteria
- Improved activity against organisms that produce beta-lactamase such as:
1. Staphylococcus aureus
2. Enteric G- Bacteria (E. coli, Klebsiella)
3. Respiratory G-
4. Anaerobes |
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Term
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Definition
Beta Lactam
- 1st Generation Cephalosporin
- Administered IV
- Effective against MSSA, Beta Hemolytic Group A and B Strep.
- Prophylaxis prior to surgery to prevent infections from skin flora
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Term
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Definition
Beta Lactam
- 1st Generation Cephalosporin
- Administered PO
- Effective against MSSA, Beta Hemolytic Group A and B Strep.
- Same spectrum of activity as Cefazolin
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Term
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Definition
Beta Lactam
- 2nd Generation Cephalosporin
- Administered IV and PO
- Effective against Alpha Hemolytic Strep. (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Viridans), Respiratory G- cocci (H. influenzae)
- Used in COPD
- However, not DOC for any infection?
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Definition
Beta Lactam
- 2nd Generation Cephalosporin (Cephamycin)
- Administered IV
- Effective against Enteric bacteria (E. coli, Klebsiella) and Anaerobes (Clostridium, Bacteroides, Peptostreptococcus)
- Prophylaxis prior to surgery to prevent intra-abdominal infections
- Does not have good G+ activity
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Term
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Definition
Beta Lactam
- 2nd Generation Cephalosporin (Cephamycin)
- Administered IV
- Effective against Enteric bacteria (E. coli, Klebsiella) and Anaerobes (Clostridium, Bacteroides, Peptostreptococcus)
- Prophylaxis prior to surgery to prevent intra-abdominal infections
- Does not have good G+ activity
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Term
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Definition
Beta Lactam
- 3rd Generation Cephalosporin
- Administered IV
- Effective against Alpha Hemolytic Strep. (S. pneumoniae, Viridans group), Enteric bacteria (E. coli, Klebsiella)
- Very commonly used in hospital setting, plus QD dosing
- Not for newborns --> excreted biliary, not well developed in newborns
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Term
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Definition
Beta Lactam
- 3rd Generation Cephalosporin
- Administered IV
- Effective against Alpha Hemolytic Strep. (S. pneumoniae, Viridans group), Enteric bacteria (E. coli, Klebsiella)
- Commonly used in hospital setting
- Not for newborns --> excreted biliary, not well developed in newborns
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Definition
Beta Lactam
- 3rd Generation Cephalosporin
- Administered IV
- Effective against Enteric bacteria (E. coli, Klebsiella), Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- G- activity
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Definition
Beta Lactam
- 4th Generation Cephalosporin
- Administered IV
- Effective against Alpha Hemolytic Strep. (S. pneumoniae, Viridans group), Enteric bacteria (E. coli, Klebsiella), Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Sounds good to have all 3 covered but usually one will not need that kind of coverage
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Definition
Beta Lactam
- 5th Generation Cephalosporin
- 1st Beta Lactam with MRSA activity
- Has pseudomonas activity
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Term
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Definition
Beta Lactam
- 5th Generation Cephalosporin
- 1st Beta Lactam with MRSA activity
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Term
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Definition
Beta Lactam
- Carbapenem
- Activity against Enteric bacteria (E. coli, Klebsiella), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Anaerobes (Clostridium, Bacteroides, Peptostreptococcus)
- DOC for Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (produced by E. coli and Klebsiella)
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Term
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Definition
Beta Lactam
- Carbapenem
- Activity against Enteric bacteria (E. coli, Klebsiella), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Anaerobes (Clostridium, Bacteroides, Peptostreptococcus)
- DOC for Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (produced by E. coli and Klebsiella)
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Term
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Definition
Beta Lactam
- Carbapenem
- Activity against Enteric bacteria (E. coli, Klebsiella), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Anaerobes (Clostridium, Bacteroides, Peptostreptococcus)
- DOC for Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (produced by E. coli and Klebsiella)
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Term
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Definition
Beta Lactam
- Carbapenem
- Activity against Enteric bacteria (E. coli, Klebsiella), Anaerobes (Clostridium, Bacteroides, Peptostreptococcus), Streptococcus
- Does NOT cover Pseudomonas aeruginosa (different from other carbapenem drugs), Enterococcus, or A. baumanii
- Advantage over other carbepenems is it is QD dosing, but it has a narrower spectrum
- Used for plain G- Enterics
- DOC for Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (produced by E. coli and Klebsiella)
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Term
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Definition
Beta Lactam
- Monobactam (only one ring)
- Similar to ceftazidime
- Activity against enterics (Not ESBLs), Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Term
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Definition
- Inhibits ribosomes
- Penetrates G- cell walls
- Does not work by itself against G+
- Works in synergy with beta lactams to target G+ bacteria
- IV Only
- A good back up when bacteria is resistant to beta lactam antibiotics
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Term
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Definition
Aminoglycoside
- Not effective by themselves because of poor tissue penetration, but OK in urine (eliminated renally)
- Administered IV
- Synergy for Enterococcus, Staphylococcus aureus
- Double coverage for potentially resistant enteric G- bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Term
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Definition
Aminoglycoside
- Not effective by themselves because of poor tissue penetration, but OK in urine (eliminated renally)
- Administered IV
- Synergy for Enterococcus, Staphylococcus aureus
- Double coverage for potentially resistant enteric G- bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Term
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Definition
Aminoglycoside
- Not effective by themselves because of poor tissue penetration, but OK in urine (eliminated renally)
- Administered IV
- Synergy for Enterococcus, Staphylococcus aureus
- Double coverage for potentially resistant enteric G- bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Term
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Definition
- Effective against resistant G- bacteria and G- bacteria that produce carbopenamase
- Last line of defense against resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and A. baumanii
- Also found in double and triple antibiotic ointment (neosporin) --> works well topically
- Also administered IV
- Toxic side effects
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Term
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Definition
- Polymyxin E
- Effective against resistant G- bacteria and G- bacteria that produce carbopenamase
- Last line of defense against resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and A. baumanii
- Also found in double and triple antibiotic ointment (neosporin) --> works well topically
- Also administered IV
- Toxic side effects
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Term
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole |
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Definition
Sulfonamide
- Effective against Staphylococcus aureus and community acquired MRSA
- Effective against G- enterics, especially UTIs (PK) --> eliminated renally
- Not the greatest against Strep. anymore
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Term
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Definition
- Synergy for MRSA
- Resistance develops if used by itself so use in combo
- CYP P450 inducer
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Term
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Definition
Macrolide
- More commonly used because well tolerated and fewer drug interactions
- first class with atypical coverage
- Z pack used commonly in resp. infections
- Effective against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, atypicals
- Concentration dependent
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Term
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Definition
Tetracycline
- Time dependent, bacteriostatic --> longer courses, more frequent dosing
- Similar to macrolides in that it is effective against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, atypicals
- Has the added coverage of minor MRSA infections
- Not as common as macrolides
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Term
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Definition
Fluoroquinolones
- Only used against G- bacteria (Enterics and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Atypicals
- Good oral bioavailability (the only oral class that has activity against P. aeruginosa)
- Poor against G+
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Term
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Definition
Fluoroquinolones
- Effective against Streptococcus spp., G- bacteria (Enterics and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), Atypicals
- Good oral bioavailability (the only oral class that has activity against P. aeruginosa)
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Term
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Definition
Fluoroquinolones
- Effective against Streptococcus spp., Enterics, Atypicals
- No activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa but gains the activity against anaerobes (Clostridium, Bacteroides, Peptostreptococcus)
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Term
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Definition
- Effective against S. aureus, including MRSA (esp. in children)
- Effective against Beta Hemolytic Group A and B Streptococcus and Strep. pneumoniae
- Effective against anaerobes
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Term
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Definition
- DOC for most anaerobic infections (Clostridium, Bacteroides, Peptostreptococcus)
- Better activity against anaerobes than moxifloxacin
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Term
How would you arrange the drugs effective against anaerobic infections from greatest activity to least activity? |
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Definition
Metronidazole > Clindamycin > Moxifloxacin, Beta Lactamase Inhibitors with Penicillin |
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Term
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Definition
- Effective against all G+ except VRE
- DOC for MRSA infections but cure rates still not good
- Very effective against bacteremia (endocarditis)
- Has poor tissue penetration --> if patient has MRSA in lungs, cannot use Vanco
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Term
Quinupristin/Dalfopristin |
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Definition
- MRSA agent
- First drug for VRE
- Not effective against E. faecalis
- Side effects limits usefulness --> not used clinically
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Term
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Definition
- MRSA agent
- Effective against VRE
- Good tissue penetration --> can be used for MRSA pneumonia
- Not useful for bacteremia
- Use caution long term and with SSRIs
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Term
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Definition
- MRSA agent
- essentially the opposite of linezolid (can be used for bacteremia, not for pneumonia)
- QD and approved for endocarditis
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Term
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Definition
- MRSA agent
- similar to vancomycin and daptomycin -- has MOA of both
- Good for pneumonia, not approved yet for bacteremia
- Also covers anaerobes and G- other than P. aeruginosa
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