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Thorax
Thoracic Contents
194
Anatomy
Graduate
10/18/2014

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Term
what are the 3 cavities of the thorax?
Definition
right and left pleural, mediastinum
Term
what makes up the thoracic inlet?
Definition
T1, rib 1, manubrium at the root of the neck
Term
the thoracic cavities extend from the thoracic inlet to what
Definition
diaphragm
Term
the thoracic cavities extend from the _______ ________ to the diaphragm
Definition
thoracic inlet
Term
the thoracic cavities are enclosed by what
Definition
thoracic cage
Term
what makes up the thoracic cage
Definition
ribs, thoracic vertebrae, sternum
Term
what ar ethe boundaries of the pleural cavities (4)
Definition
costal, mediastinal, diaphgragmatic, cupula
Term
which of the boundaries of the pleural cavities extends through the thoracic inlet?
Definition
cupula
Term
membrane that line the thoracic wall and pleaural cavities
Definition
parietal pleura
Term
what allows the lungs to move freely without collapsing from the thoracic wall
Definition
pleural fluid
Term
How far does a healthy lung extend inferiorly at the sternum
Definition
6th rib
Term
How far does a healthy lung extend inferiorly at the midaxillary line
Definition
8th rib
Term
How far does a healthy lung extend inferiorly at the vertebrae?
Definition
10th rib
Term
How far does the pleural cavity extend past each respective landmark?
Definition
2 ribs inferior
Term
interruption of the fluid film causes what
Definition
collapse of the lung
Term
if a lung collapses, a sucking lung would be considered what?
Definition
open
Term
if a lung collapses, positive pressure would indicate what?
Definition
closed lung
Term
what occurs when air leaks into the space between the lung and thoracic wall
Definition
pneumothorax
Term
what occurs when blood accumulates between the lung and the thoracic wall
Definition
hemothorax
Term
sharp borders where the parietal pleura folds abruptly between two parts
Definition
lines of pleural reflections
Term
where are the sternal pleural reflections located?
Definition
between costal and mediastinal parts anterieorly
Term
the left portion of the sternal pleural reflection includes what?
Definition
costomediastinal recess
Term
where is the costal pleural reflection located?
Definition
between costal and diaphragm
Term
the costal pleural reflections also includes what
Definition
costodiaphgramatic recesses (2)
Term
the parietal pleura connects with the visceral pleura where
Definition
root of the lung
Term
continuation between the visceral and parietal pleura, drapes inferiorly from teh roots
Definition
pulmonary ligament
Term
the pulmonary ligament is a double layer of pleura enclosing what
Definition
pulmonary arteries, veins, and bronchi
Term
site of entry/exit of vessels & bronchi
Definition
roots
Term
the roots are a site of entry/exit of vessels and bronchi situated so that the bronchi are
Definition
posterior
Term
the roots are a site of entry/exit of vessels and bronchi situated so that the pulmonary arteries are
Definition
superior
Term
the roots are a site of entry/exit of vessels and bronchi situated so that the pulmonary veins are
Definition
inferior
Term
the eparterial bronchus is located where
Definition
on right side above arteries
Term
what are the lungs covered by
Definition
visceral plerua
Term
the lungs have these 3 surfaces
Definition
costal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic
Term
what separates the adjacent surfaces of the lungs?
Definition
sharp anterior and inferior border
Term
how many lobes does the right lung have
Definition
3
Term
how many lobes does the left lung have
Definition
2
Term
the right lung has a _____ ______ that transects the upper lobe creating a middle lobe
Definition
horizontal fissure
Term
the right lung has a horizontal fissure that transects the upper lobe creating a
Definition
middle lobe
Term
the upper and lower lobes are separated by a ____ _____
Definition
oblique fissure
Term
where is the lingula located
Definition
left superior lobe, inferior to cardiac notch
Term
where is the cardiac notch located
Definition
left anterior border
Term
what is the role of the bronchial arteries?
Definition
supply supportive tissues and structures of roots of lung
Term
how many bronchial arteries are on the left?
Definition
2
Term
how many bronchial arteries are on the right?
Definition
1
Term
where do the bronchial arteries arise from
Definition
aorta, intercostal arteries
Term
the bronchial veins drain proximal tissue into what
Definition
azygos system
Term
the peripheral lung is drain by what
Definition
pulmonary veins
Term
the impresssions of the lungs are due to what
Definition
embalming process
Term
the impressions of the right lung include these 5 structures
Definition
superior vena cava, esophagus, azygos v, cardiac impression, inferior vena cava
Term
the impressions of the left lung include these 4 structures
Definition
arch of aorta, left subclavian artery, cardiac impression, esophagus
Term
these 3 impressions are present in both lungs
Definition
cardiac impression, esophagus, costal impressions
Term
rib movements: ribs 3-6
Definition
pump handle
Term
the pump handle motion of ribs 3-6 increases what diameter
Definition
anterior-posterior diamater
Term
the bucket handle motion of ribs 7-10 increases what diameter
Definition
lateral
Term
rib movements of ribs 7-10
Definition
bucket handle
Term
parietal pericardium is anchored to what
Definition
central tendon of the diaphragm
Term
visceral pericardium is synonymous with what
Definition
epicardium
Term
excessive fluid in the pericardial cavity causes what
Definition
cardiac tamponade
Term
what is cardiac tamponade simply
Definition
compromised pumping
Term
transverse pericardial sinus is located where
Definition
pericardial sac
Term
the transverse pericardial sinus ilies between what anteriorly
Definition
aorta, pulmonary trunk
Term
transverse pericardial sinus is located where posteriorly
Definition
superior vena cava and pulmonary veins
Term
where is the oblique pericardial sinus located
Definition
between right and left side pulmonary veins
Term
how many chambers does the heart have
Definition
4
Term
what are the 4 chambers of the heart
Definition
right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
Term
what is the role of the right side of the heart?
Definition
drains systemic circuit and supplies pulmonary circuit
Term
what is the role of the left side of the heart
Definition
drains pulmonary circuit and supplies systemic circuit
Term
the apex of the heart is
Definition
part of the left ventricle
Term
the base of the heart is located where directionally
Definition
posterior
Term
the base of the heart includes what
Definition
left atrium, some right atrium, the great vessels
Term
the sternocostal surface of teh heart includes what
Definition
right atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle and auricle of left atrium anteriorly
Term
the diaphgragmatic surface includes what
Definition
mostly left ventricle, part of right ventricle, inferior vena cava
Term
the auricle is a medial blind-ended puch
Definition
right atrium
Term
8 features of the right atrium
Definition
pectinate muscle, sinus venarum, crista terminalis, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus, triscupsind valve, fossa ovalis
Term
pectinate muscle of the right atrium
Definition
rough anterior wall
Term
sinus venarum of the right atrium
Definition
thin posterior surface
Term
crista terminalis of the right atrium
Definition
vertical rdige between pectinate and venarum
Term
tricuspid valve consists of what types of cusps
Definition
anterior, posterior, septal
Term
tricuspsid valve of teh right atrium
Definition
surrounds right atrioventricular orifice
Term
fossa ovalis
Definition
vestige of foramen ovale between right and left atria
Term
the right ventricle contains these 6 features
Definition
trabeculae carnea, papillary muscles, triscuspid valve, chorade tendinae, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary (semilunar valve)
Term
trabecaule carnea of the right ventricle
Definition
septomarginal trabecula/moderater band from interventricular septum to the anterior papillary muscle
Term
papillary muscles have what 3 divisions
Definition
anterior, posterior, septal
Term
the pulmonary/semilunar valve contains what cusps
Definition
anterior, right, left
Term
the elft atrium has what 3 features
Definition
tubular auricle, openings for pulmonary vv, and AV orifice (mitral valve)
Term
how openings for the pulmonary vv are there in the left atrium
Definition
4
Term
the left ventricle has these 6 features
Definition
papillary mm, chordae tendinae, thicker myocardium, mitral valve, root of teh aorta, aortic semilunar valve
Term
the mitral valve is also known as
Definition
bicuspid valve
Term
the mitral valve/bicuspid valve has these cusps
Definition
anterior, posterior
Term
the aortic semilunar valve has these cusps
Definition
posterior, right, left
Term
the left coronary artery is arises from where
Definition
left semilunar cusp wall
Term
the left coronary artery branches into what
Definition
anterior interventricular descending aa, left circumflex aa
Term
the right coronary artery arises from where
Definition
right semiluar cusp wall
Term
the right coronary artery branches into what
Definition
posterior interventricular aa, marginal aa
Term
where is teh coronary sinus located
Definition
left atrioventricular sulcus
Term
the coronary sinus drains into what
Definition
right atrium
Term
the coronary sinus receives from
Definition
great cardiac vv, middle cardiac vv
Term
the great cardiac vv follows what
Definition
anterior interventricular descending aa and left circumflex aa
Term
the middle cardiac vv follows what
Definition
posterior interventricular aa
Term
where is the mediastinum located
Definition
area between the lungs
Term
what are the parts of the mediastinum
Definition
superior, anterior, middle, posterior
Term
what is the middle part of the mediastinum
Definition
pericardial cavity and heart
Term
what is the posterior part of the mediastinum
Definition
esophagus and thoracic aorta, posterior to pericardial sac and diaphragm, anterior to bodes t5-t12
Term
what is the superior part of the mediastinum?
Definition
median structures between first pair of ribs and imaginary line from sternal angle to t4-t5 intervertebral space
Term
what does the anterior portion of the mediastinum contain?
Definition
internal thoracic artery, thymus
Term
the internal thoracic artery is a branch of what artery
Definition
subclavian aa
Term
the internal thoracic aa is a source of what artery
Definition
superior epigastric aa, musculophrenic aa
Term
the superior epigastric aa is located where
Definition
medial, deep to rectus abdominis
Term
the musculophrenic aa is located where
Definition
lateral to diaphragm
Term
where does the aorta come from
Definition
left ventricle
Term
what are the two branches of the ascending aorta
Definition
right and left coronary aa
Term
where do the right and left coronary aa branch
Definition
above the right and left semilunar valves
Term
what are the 3 branches of the aorta
Definition
brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid aa, left subclavian aa
Term
what does the brachiocephalic trunk supply
Definition
right upper limb and head
Term
the brachiocephalic artery supplies the right upper limb and head via what
Definition
right common carotid and right subclavian aa
Term
what does the left common carotid supply?
Definition
left side of head and neck
Term
the left subclavian aa supplies what
Definition
left neck, shoulder, and upper limb
Term
what are the branches of the left subclavian aa
Definition
internal thoracic, vertebral, thyrocervical, costocervical
Term
what is the path of the vertebral aa
Definition
to carotid tubercle of C6, travels via transverse foramen to foramen magnum and floor of brain
Term
what are the branches of the thyrocervical trunk
Definition
transverse cervical aa, suprascapular aa, inferior thyroid aa
Term
what does the costocervical trunk supply
Definition
upper thorax, deep neck
Term
branches of the descending aorta
Definition
tracheal, bronchial, esophageal, interocostal aa
Term
where does the pulmonary trunk arise from
Definition
right ventricle
Term
tough fibrous band attaching to arch of the aorta
Definition
ligamentum arteriosum
Term
former ductus arteriosus of fetus
Definition
ligamentum arteriosum
Term
what are the great arteries
Definition
ascending aorta, descending aorta, arch of aorta, pulmonary trunk
Term
what are the great veins
Definition
superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, pulmonary vv
Term
the superior vena cava is formed by what
Definition
union of two brachiocephalic veins, & azygos vein
Term
the azygos vein, hemiazygos vein, and accessory hemiazygos veins all dump into what?
Definition
superior vena cava
Term
the azygos vein, hemiazygos vein, and accessory hemiazygos vein are responsible for what
Definition
thoracic and some abdominal drainage to superior veina cava
Term
the braciocephalic vein is formed by the union of what
Definition
subclavian vv, internal jugular vv
Term
the internal jugular vv drains what
Definition
cranial cavity
Term
the internal jugular vv comes from ____ ____ to join _____
Definition
carotid sheath, brachiocephalic vv
Term
the subclavian vv jions _____ ______ to form brachiocephalic vv
Definition
internal jugular vv
Term
the subclavian vv joins the internal jugular vv to form ______
Definition
brachiocephalic vv
Term
the subclavian vv comes from what
Definition
upper limb and shoulder (axillary vv)
Term
the external jugular vv is responsible for what
Definition
head drainage to subclavian vv
Term
the external jugular vv descends through what
Definition
posterior cervical triangle
Term
the pulmonary vv consist of what
Definition
superior and inferior vv of each lung, 4 veins total
Term
pulmonary vv path
Definition
root of lung to left atrium
Term
what are the main nerves of the thorax
Definition
vagus, phrenic, sympathetic trunk ganglia
Term
vagus n spinal lvls
Definition
cranial n x, part of cranial n XI
Term
where does the vagus nn come from
Definition
carotid sheath
Term
branches of the vagus nerve (6)
Definition
superior laryngeal, esophageal and cardiac plexuses, recurrent laryngeal, anterior vagal trunk, posterior vagal trunk
Term
the superior laryngeal nn supplies what
Definition
larynx and pharynx
Term
left recurrent larygneal nn is where
Definition
aortic loop immediately behind ligamentum arteriosum
Term
the right reccurent laryngeal nn loops what
Definition
right subclavian aa
Term
the anterior vagal trunk comes from what
Definition
the left
Term
the posterior vagal trunk comes from what
Definition
the right
Term
the vagal trunks descend through what
Definition
esopohageal hiatus
Term
the vagal trunks supply what
Definition
abdominal organs
Term
phrenic nn spinal level
Definition
mainly C4, c3-c5
Term
the phrenic nn crosses what structure
Definition
crosses scalenus anterior
Term
the phrenic nn descends how
Definition
anterolateral to pericardium to diaphgragm
Term
sympathetic trunk and ganglia come from where
Definition
sides of vertebral bodies
Term
several of the sympathetic trunk ganglia produce what
Definition
greater and lesser splanchnic nn
Term
the sympathetic trunk and ganglia supply what
Definition
abdominal viscera
Term
the sympathetic trunk and ganglia supply the abdominal viscera via what
Definition
aortic hiatus
Term
major lymphatic trunk of the thorax
Definition
thoracic duct
Term
the thoracic duct receives drainage from what
Definition
abdominal cysterni chyli
Term
thoracic duct path: step 1
Definition
behind esophagus to left of the esophagus
Term
thoracic duct path: step 2
Definition
to the union of left internal jugular and left subclavian vv
Term
the thoracic duct is medial to what structure
Definition
azygos vein
Term
the thyroid gland is deep to what muscle
Definition
infrahyoid mm
Term
the thyroid is bi-______
Definition
lobed
Term
the thyroid is immediately anterior to ______
Definition
trachea/isthmus
Term
what is on the posterior surface of the thyroid
Definition
parathyroid
Term
where is the parathyroid gland located (anatomically, not by gland)
Definition
ant. cervical triangle
Term
the thymus gland lies posterior to what
Definition
manubrium
Term
the thymus gland lasts until what
Definition
late puberty
Term
the thymus gland involutes in
Definition
later life
Term
thymus gland is in the anterior superior part of the
Definition
mediastinum
Term
the trachea and primary bronchi are reinforced with what
Definition
cartilage
Term
the trachea passes deep to what
Definition
anterior cervical triangle
Term
the trachea passes through the superior mediastinum how
Definition
from larynx to roots of lungs
Term
the trachea bifurcates into what
Definition
right and left primary bronchi
Term
the trachea bifurcates into right and left primary bronchi where
Definition
behind sternal angle
Term
cartilagionus ridge at bifurcation of trachea
Definition
carina
Term
if the carina is contacted what happens
Definition
violent cough when produced
Term
digestive tube from pharynx at level of C6 to esophageal hiatus
Definition
esophagus
Term
esophagus travels from what
Definition
pharynx (level of C6) to esophageal hiatus
Term
the esophagus is behind what in the superior mediastinum
Definition
trachea
Term
surface locations: the heart and pericardial sac are located posterior to what
Definition
body of sternum & 2nd to 5th costal cartilages
Term
surface locations: the apex of the heart is located where
Definition
posterior to left fifth intercostal space
Term
surface locations: the aortic valve is located where
Definition
under second rib at junction with sternum on the right
Term
surface locations: the pulomnary valve is located where
Definition
under second rib at junction with sternum on the left
Term
surface locations: where is the tricuspid valve located
Definition
at junction of left 5th rib with sternum
Term
surface locations: where is the bicuspid valve located
Definition
under fifth rib
Term
when does heart development begin
Definition
3rd week
Term
when does the heart tube begin to beat?
Definition
end of 4th week
Term
the 3rd arch forms into what?
Definition
common carotids, internal carotid from the dorsal aorta
Term
the 4th arch forms into what
Definition
arch of the aorta in the left, brachiocephalic trunk on the right
Term
the 6th arch forms into what
Definition
pulmonary arteries
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