Term
| name the four types of primary tissue |
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Definition
| Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| minor distortions found in preserved tissue |
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Term
| epithelial tissue or epithelium |
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Definition
| a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity |
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Term
| the two types of epithelial tissue in the body |
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Definition
covering and lining epithelium
Glandular epithelium |
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Term
| covering and lining epithelium |
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Definition
| forms the outer layer of the skin; dips into and lines the open cavities of the urogenital, digestive, and respiratory systems; and covers the walls and organs of the closed ventral body cavity |
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Term
|
Definition
| fashions the glands of the body |
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Term
| Six Functions of the Epithelium |
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Definition
| Protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, and sensory reception |
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Term
| Five Characteristics of Epithelium |
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Definition
| Polarity, Specialized contracts, supported by connective tissue, avascular but innervated, regeneration |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| epithelium have two surfaces |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| fingerlike extensions of the plasma membrane found on the apical surface, increasing the exposed area |
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Term
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Definition
| In epithelia that absorb or secret the microvilli are often so dense that the cell apices have a fuzzy appearance |
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Term
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Definition
| A thin supporting sheet adjacent to the basal surface of an epithelium. |
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Term
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Definition
| except for glandular epithelia, epithelia cells fit closely together to form continuous sheets. |
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Term
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Definition
| bind adjacent cells together at many points and help keep proteins in the apical region and maintain epithelial polarity |
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Term
| All epithelial sheets are founded on and supported by |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| contains no blood vessels |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Classifications of Epithelial Tissue |
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Definition
Based on number of cell layers
Based on the shape |
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Term
| Epethelium based on cell layers |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| consists of single cell layer, found where a thin epithelial barrier is desired. |
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Term
| Stratified Epithelia tissue |
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Definition
| Composed of two or more cell layers stacked on top of each other |
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Term
| Tissue names based on the shape |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Boxlike and approx. as tall as they are wide. |
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Term
| Simple Squamous Epithelium |
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Definition
| cells are flattened laterally with sparse cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
| provide a slick, friction reducing lining in lymphatic vessels and in all hollow organs of the cardiovascular system. Form capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| epithelium found in serous membranes, the membranes lining the ventral body cavity and covering its organs |
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Term
| simple cuboidal epithelium |
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Definition
| consists of a single layer of cells as tall as they are wide. Important functions are absorption and secretion. Form the walls of the smallest ducts of glands and of many kidney tubules. |
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Term
| Simple Columnar Epithelium |
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Definition
| single layer of tall closely packed cells. Lines digestive tract from the stomach through the rectum. Mostly responsible for absorption and secretion |
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Term
| The secretion and the digestive tract lining has two modifications that make ideal for that- |
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Definition
Dense microvilli on the apical surface of absorptive cells
Tubular glands made primarily of cells that secrete mucus-containing intestinal juice. |
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Term
| vary in height. All of its cells rest on the basement membrane but only the tallest reach the free surface of the epithelium. Since nuclei lie at differ levels the tissue gives the false (pseudo) impression that several cellular layers are present. The short cells are mostly unspecialized and give rise to taller cells. |
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Definition
| Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium |
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Term
| most widespread stratified epithelia. Free surface squamous; deeper layers cuboidal or columnar. Several layers- thick |
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Definition
| Stratified Squamous Epithelium |
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Term
| rarely found in the body- mostly found in the ducts of larger glands (sweat and mammary). Typically has two layers of cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| not found much in the body- pharynx, male urethra, and lining some glandular ducts. Occurs at transition areas or junctions between two other types of epithelia. |
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Definition
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Term
| forms the lining of hollow urinary organs. Cells of its basal layer are cuboidal or columnar. The apical cells vary in appearance, depending on the degree of distension of the organ. When distended the transitional epithelium thins from about six cell layers to three and its domelike apical cells flatten and become squamous-like. |
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Definition
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Term
| consists of one or more cells that make and secrete a particular product called a secretion which is a water-based fluid that usually contains proteins, with variation. Secretion is an active process. |
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Definition
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Term
| Glands are classified to two sets of traits |
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Definition
| where they release their products and number of cells |
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Term
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Definition
| ductless glands that produce only hormones |
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Term
|
Definition
| secrete their products onto body surfaces via ducts |
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Term
| Two types of exocrine glands |
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Definition
| unicellular exocrine glands and multicellular exocrine glands |
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Term
| unicellular exocrine glands |
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Definition
| glands that produce mucin, goblet cells |
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Term
| two basic parts of multicellular exocrine glands |
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Definition
| epithelium derived duct and a secretory unit |
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Term
| Multicellular exocrine glands are classified by |
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Definition
| structure and type of secretion |
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Term
| Structural classification of Multicellular exocrine glands |
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Definition
| simple or compound. Simple have unbranched duct. |
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Term
| multicellular secretory classification |
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Definition
tubular if secretory cells form tubes
alveolar if secretory cells form small, flasklike sacs
tubuloalveolar if they have both types of secretory units |
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Term
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Definition
| merocrine, holocrine, apocrine |
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Term
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Definition
| secrete their products by exocytosis- sweat, pancreas, salivary |
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Term
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Definition
| accumulate their products within and then rupture- oil glands |
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Term
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Definition
| debatable in humans- accumulate beneath free surface, the apex of the cell pinches off releasing secretion and cytoplasm |
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Term
| It is the most abundant and widely distributed of primary tissues |
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Definition
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Term
| four main classes of connective tissue |
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Definition
| connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, blood |
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Term
| five main functions of connective tissue |
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Definition
| binding and supporting, protecting, insulating, storing reserve fuel, transporting substances within the body |
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Term
| common characteristics of connective tissue |
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Definition
| common origin, degrees of vascularity, extracellular mix |
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Term
| common origin of connective tissue |
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Definition
| all connective tissues arise from mesenchyme (an embryonic tissue) |
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Term
| Degrees of vascularity of connective tissue |
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Definition
| can be a vascular (like cartilage), poorly vascularized, or have a rich supply of blood vessels. |
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Term
| composed of largely nonliving extracellular matrix, which separates the living cells of the tissue. It’s because of this matrix that connective tissue can bear weight, withstand tension, etc. that no other tissue can handle. This matrix consists of ground substance and fibers. |
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Definition
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Term
| Structural elements of connective tissue |
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Definition
| Ground substance, connective tissue fibers, connective tissue cells, other cell types |
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Term
| components of ground substance |
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Definition
| interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, proteoglycans |
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Term
| three connective tissue fibers |
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Definition
| Collagen fibers, elastic fibers, reticular fibers |
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Term
| strongest of all three fibers. Constructed primarily of protein collagen. Collagen molecules are secreted into the extracellular space, where they assemble spontaneously into cross-linked fibrils, which in turn are bundled together into the thick collagen fibers seen with a microscope. Extremely tough with high tensile strength because of the cross link. |
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Definition
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Term
| - Long, thin elastic fibers form branching networks in the extracellular matrix. Contain rubberlike protein, elastin, that allows them to stretch and recoil like rubber bands. Can only stretch so much before it becomes taut, then when the tension eases the elastic fibers return to normal. Found in areas where greater elasticity is needed- skin, lungs, blood vessel walls. |
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Definition
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Term
| Short, fine, collagenous fibers have a slightly different chemistry and form. Continuous with collagen fibers branching extensively and forming delicate networks that surround small blood vessels and support the soft tissue of organs. They are abundant where connective tissue is next to other tissue types. |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| primary blast cell type for connective tissue proper |
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Definition
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|
Term
| primary blast cell type for cartilage |
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Definition
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Term
| primary blast cell type for bone |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes. These are concerned with tissue response to injury |
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Term
| These oval cells detect foreign microorganisms and initiate local inflammatory responses against them |
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Definition
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|
Term
| large, irregularly shaped cells that devour a broad variety of foreign materials including dead tissue cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| Types of connective tissue proper |
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Definition
| loose connective tissue and dense connective tissues |
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Term
| types of loose connective tissue |
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Definition
| areolar connective tissue, adipose tissue, reticular connective tissue |
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Term
| functions include supporting and binding other tissues, holding body fluids, defending against infections, storing nutrients as fat in adipocytes |
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Definition
| areolar connective tissue |
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Term
| flat branching cells that appear spindle shaped in profile predominate but macrophages are also seen and present a barrier to invading microorganisms |
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Definition
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|
Term
| most epithelia rest on _______ and it is present in all mucous membranes |
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Definition
| Areolar connective tissue |
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Term
| Scanty matrix. Richly vascularized. Shock absorption, insulation, and energy storage. It may develop anywhere areolar tissue is plentiful but usually accumulates in subcutaneous tissue where it acts as a shock absorber, insulation, and energy storage site. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| resembles areolar connective tissue but the only fibers in its matrix are reticular fibers which form a network along with fibroblasts called reticular cells are scattered. Widely distributed throughout the body but limited to certain sites. It forms an internal framework, called stroma, that can support many free blood cells in lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow. |
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Definition
| reticular connective tissue |
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Term
| types of dense connective tissue |
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Definition
| Dense regular connective, dense irregular connective, elastic connective |
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Term
| contain closely packed bundles of collagen gibers running in the same direction, parallel to the direction of pull resulting in white, flexible structures with resistance to tension. |
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Definition
| Dense regular connective tissue |
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Term
| bundles of collagen are much thicker and arrange in more than one plane |
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Definition
| Dense irregular connective tissue |
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Term
| these are the few ligaments, like those connecting adjacent vertebrae, are elastic. |
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Definition
| Elastic connective tissue |
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Term
| stands up to tension and compression, with qualities between those of dense connective tissue and bone |
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Definition
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Term
| lacks nerve fibers and is avascular, receiving nutrients by diffusion from blood vessels located in the connective tissue layer (perichondrium) surrounding it. It is up to 80% water so it can rebound after compression. |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage |
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Term
| the most common cartilage in the body aka gristle. Provides firm support with some pliability. It covers the ends of long bones as articular cartilage providing springy pads that absorb compression at joints. Only going to see chondrocytes. |
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Definition
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Term
| nearly identical to hyaline cartilage except it has more elastic fibers. It is ground where strength and exceptional stretchability are needed. Found in outer ear and epiglottis. |
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Definition
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Term
| intermediate between the other cartilages connective tissues. Compressible and resists tension well, it is found where strong support and the ability to withstand heavy pressure are required |
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Definition
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Term
| osseous tissue has an ability to support and protect body structures. Provide cavities for storing fat and synthesizing blood cells. It is similar to that of cartilage but is harder and more rigid because it has an added matrix element- inorganic calcium salts. |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| the fluid within blood vessels is the most atypical connective tissue that does not connect things or give mechanical support but is still classified as a connective tissue because it develops from mesenchyme |
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Definition
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|
Term
| this tissue produces movement |
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Definition
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Term
| It is highly cellular, well-vascularized and responsible for most types of body movement |
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Definition
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Term
| elaborate networks of the actin and myosin filaments that bring movement/contraction in all cell type |
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Definition
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Term
| three types of muscle tissue |
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Definition
| skeletal, cardiac, smooth |
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Term
| - packaged by connective tissue sheets into organs called skeletal muscles that are attached to the bones of the skeleton. These muscles form the flesh of the body, and as they contract they pull on bones or skin, causing body movements |
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Definition
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Term
| found only in the walls of the heart- involuntary. It helps propel blood through the blood vessels to all parts of the body thorough contractions. The cells are striated |
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Definition
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Term
| the cells have no visible striations. The cells are spindle shaped and contain one centrally located nucleus. Mainly found in the walls of hollow organs other than the heart. Squeezes substances through these organs by contracting/relaxing. Involuntary. Come to a point at both ends. |
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Definition
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Term
| the main component of the nervous system |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| two types of nervous tissue |
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Definition
| neurons and supporting cells |
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Term
| highly specialized nerve cells that generate and conduct nerve impulses |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| glial cells or neuroglia are non-conducting cells that support, insulate, and protect the delicate neuron |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| these incorporate more than one type of tissue |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| cutaneous, mucous, and serous |
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Term
| keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (epidermis) attached to a thick layer of connective tissue. Dry membrane |
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Definition
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|
Term
| , line all body cavities that open to the outside of the body. They are wet membranes bathed by secretions. Most mucosae contain either stratified squamous or simple columnar epithelia. The epithelia sheet lies directly over a layer of loose connective tissue called the lamina propria. |
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Definition
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Term
| the moist membranes found in closed ventral body cavities. It consists of simple squamous epithelium resting on a thin layer of loose areolar tissue. |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation, organization, regeneration |
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Term
| Epithelial tissues, bone, areolar connective tissue, dense irregular connective tissue, blood-forming tissue |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Smooth muscle and dense regular connective tissue |
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Definition
| Moderate regenerating capacity |
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Term
| Cardiac muscle and nervous tissue of brain and spinal cord |
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Definition
| virtually no regenerative capacity |
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|
Term
| Skin consists of two distinct regions called |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the subcutaneous tissue just deep to the skin is known as the |
|
Definition
| hypodermis (super fascia) |
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|
Term
| the integumentary system is made up of what |
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Definition
| the skin and its derivatives (sweat and oil glands, hair, and nails |
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|
Term
| Epidermis is made up of what kind of cell |
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Definition
| Stratified Squamous epithelium |
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Term
|
Definition
| superficial region of the skin |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Underlies epidermis, mostly connective tissue |
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|
Term
| the two layers of the dermis |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| true or false- the hypodermis is part of the skin? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Anchors skin to underlying structures |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Five layers of the epidermis |
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Definition
Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum |
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|
Term
| the deepest layer of the epidermis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| several layers thick, attached to desmosomes, prickly layer |
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Definition
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|
Term
| typically five layers of flat cells |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| this layer helps form keratin in upper layers |
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Definition
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|
Term
| clear layer only found in thick skin |
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Definition
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|
Term
| most superficial layer consisting of 20-30 layers of dead cells |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Four cell types when dealing with skin |
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Definition
| keratinocytes, melanocytes, dendritic cells, Tactile cells |
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|
Term
| produce fibrous protein keratin, most epidermis cells consist of this, tightly connected by desmosomes |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Macrophages- key activators of immune system |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tactile cells (merkel cells) |
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|
Term
| cells change from stratum basale to stratum corneum through |
|
Definition
| apoptosis (cellular suicide) |
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|
Term
| strong, flexible connective tissue |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| True or false- the dermis contains nerve fibers, blood and lymphatic vessels |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the Papillary layer is part of which portion of the skin |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the Reticular layer is part of which portion of the skin |
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Definition
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|
Term
| areolar connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers and blood vessels that provide nourishment to epidermis through diffusion |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Superficial peg-like projections that create fingerprints and touch receptors |
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Definition
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|
Term
| about 80% of dermal thickness |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| cleavage lines are found here |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Dermal fold at or near joints where skin cannot slide easily |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| silvery-white scars, stretch markings, dermal tears |
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|
Term
| Three pigments contribute to skin color |
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Definition
| Melanin, Carotene, Hemoglobin |
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|
Term
| Where is melanin produced? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| yellow to orange pigment, accumulates in stratum corneum and hypodermis |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| blue skin color- low oxygenation of hemoglobin |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Fever, hypertension, inflammation, allergy |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Anemia, low blood pressure, fear, anger |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| liver disorder, yellow cast |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| inadequate steroid hormones in Addison's disease |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| clotted blood beneath skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dead keratinized cells of hard keratin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| warn of insects on skin, physical trauma, heat loss, sunlight |
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|
Term
| determined by the amount of melanin we produce |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| lots of mitosis happens here and this is where hair grows from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hair follicles grow from the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pale, fine body hair of children and adult females |
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Definition
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|
Term
| coarse long hair of eyebrows and scalp, also starts at puberty |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| hair follicles have a two layered wall |
|
Definition
| part dermis and part epi-dermis |
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|
Term
| smooth muscle attached to the follicle (responsible for the goose bump_ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| sensory nerve endings are found here |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| hair thinning in both sexes after age 40 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| determined by gene on x chromosome |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| minoxidil and finasteride aka rogaine and propecia |
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|
Term
| hardened parts of the epidermis that stick out to protect fingers and toes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many sweat glands per person? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| two main types of sweat glands |
|
Definition
| eccrine (merocrine) and apocrine |
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|
Term
| most numerous type of sweat gland, their secretion is 99% water plus salts, vit. c, antibodies, etc |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sweat glands confined to axillary and anogenital areas, cause odor on the body when secretion comes in contact with bacteria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| two types of modified apocrine glands |
|
Definition
Ceruminous glands- secrete earwax
mammary glands- secrete milk |
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|
Term
| widely distributed glands that secrete into hair follicles, stimulated by hormones, especially androgens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Functions of the integumentary system |
|
Definition
| protection, body temperature regulation, cutaneous sensation |
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|
Term
| Skin acts as protection in three barriers |
|
Definition
| chemical, physical, and biological |
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|
Term
| biological barriers of the skin |
|
Definition
| dendritic cells, macrophages, and DNA |
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|
Term
| Physical barriers of the skin protect against _______ but not ________. |
|
Definition
| water soluble but not lipid soluble substances |
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|
Term
| these things have limited penetration of the skin |
|
Definition
| plant oleoresins, organic solvents, salts of heavy metals, some drugs, and drug agents |
|
|
Term
| your body releases 500 ml/day of this |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when cold your body has these reactions |
|
Definition
| dermal vessels constrict and skin temp drops to maintain core temperature |
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|
Term
| detect temperature, touch, and pain |
|
Definition
| cutaneous sensory receptors |
|
|
Term
| cutaneous sensation has four things involved |
|
Definition
| cutaneous sensory receptors, metabolic functions, blood reservoir, and excretion |
|
|
Term
| three major types of skin cancer |
|
Definition
| basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma |
|
|
Term
| least common cancer, stratum basal cells proliferate and invade dermis and hypodermis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| involves keratinocytes of stratum spinosum, usually occurs on face, neck, hands, or arm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cancer of melanocyte, use ABCD rule for detection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| two partial thickness burns |
|
Definition
| first degree and second degree |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| epidermal and upper dermal damage |
|
|
Term
| third degree burn is critical if |
|
Definition
| , >25% of body has second-degree burns, >10% of body has third-degree burns, Face, hands, or feet bear third-degree burns |
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|
Term
| A single layer of epithelial tissue is classified as _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Goblet cells are found in this kind of epithelium: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All of the following are usually characteristics of epithelium except: |
|
Definition
| abundant extracellular material |
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|
Term
| Which epithelium is the most widespread epithelium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Glands that secrete by rupturing are classified as __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not a connective tissue?
adipose, blood, bone, skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Calcium salts are found in which connective tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is the most widespread connective tissue and serves as filler material between other tissues. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not associated with cartilage?
a. chondrocytes
b. lacunae
c. blood vessels
d. collagen fibers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not part of the extracellular matrix?
a. protein fibers
b. fibroblasts
c. fluids
d. glycosaminoglycans |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The two contractile proteins found in muscle cells are: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which type of muscle is voluntary?
a. skeletal
b. cardiac
c. smooth
d. skeletal and cardiac |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Multinucleated cells are found in which muscle tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which muscle type has no visible striations? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Intercalated discs are a unique feature of which muscle tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Membranes that line open body cavities are classified as _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Body membranes are usually composed of which two tissues? |
|
Definition
| epithelial and connective |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is classified as a dry membrane?
a. cutaneous
b. mucous
c. synovial
d. serous |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During organization of tissue repair, a blood clot is replaced by ___________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Regeneration is highly unlikely in which tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Of the four major types of tissues, which type forms boundaries between different environments? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gland that secrete by exocytosis are classified as _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Of the four major tissue types, which type is avascular? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stroma consists of what specific tissue type? |
|
Definition
| reticular connective tissue |
|
|
Term
| The epiglottis and external ear are composed of which kind of cartilage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chemotherapy destroys cells in mitosis. Use the knowledge you have gained from class to choose the tissue that you believe would be most affected by chemotherapy. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which layer of the skin has no blood vessels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which layer is not part of your skin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percentage of the body weight in the average adult is from the skin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
All of the following contribute to skin color
except: ________.
hemoglobin
carotene
keratin
melanin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This layer of the skin is responsible for our fingerprints. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mitosis occurs primarily in which stratum of the epidermis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What protein found throughout the epidermis gives the epidermis its protective properties? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which cells in the epidermis are key activators of the immune system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dogs track humans by the scent of epithelial cells that are constantly being shed. These cells are shed from which stratum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which layer of the epidermis would you expect to find the healthiest cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The dermis is composed of what type of tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not associated with the dermis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which layer of the dermis is composed of dense irregular connective tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which layer of the dermis is closest to the epidermis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Peglike folds of the superficial layer of the dermis are called dermal ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sudoriferous glands are also known as _________ glands. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is sweat mostly composed of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The sweat glands that are important in body temperature regulation are the ______ glands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This gland, found in the skin, is also a holocrine gland. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not an accessory gland of the skin?
Sebaceous
Ceruminous
Mammary
All are accessory glands of the skin. |
|
Definition
| All are accessory glands of the skin. |
|
|
Term
| Hair and nails are modifications of the ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The protein found in our hair and nails is ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The smooth muscle associated with a hair follicle is called _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
All of the following are associated with hair except _________.
cuticle
matrix
medulla
lunule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not associated with nails? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When people gain weight, they often also gain inches due to an accumulation of fat in which layer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During the process of tissue repair, what process produces scar tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Embryonic ectoderm develops into which of the following major tissue types? |
|
Definition
| epithelial tissue and nervous tissue |
|
|
Term
| What type of tissue forms tendons? |
|
Definition
| dense regular connective tissue |
|
|
Term
| The basement membrane is located between which tissue types? |
|
Definition
| epithelial and connective tissues |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following types of epithelial tissue lines the interior of blood vessels? |
|
Definition
| simple squamous endothelium |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is a unicellular gland associated with mucus production? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following apical epithelial cell structures function(s) in the movement of materials across the surface of the cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following descriptions best describes a squamous-shaped cell |
|
Definition
| a flattened, scale-like cell |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following epithelial tissue types is best adapted for the rapid transport of materials across its membranes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is NOT a function of areolar connective tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| characterizes epithelial tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All connective tissues share what features in common? |
|
Definition
| mesenchymal origin and secretion of ground substance |
|
|
Term
| Which tissue lines the majority of the digestive tract, from stomach to rectum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following types of epithelial tissue provides the greatest amount of protection from rubbing, wear, and tear? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transitional epithelium can be found in which body system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which fiber is the strongest, with the greatest tensile strength due to cross-linked fibrils? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mucous that protects your stomach lining is secreted by which type of epithelial cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of connective tissue provides support and protection for body structures and is a site for synthesizing blood and fat storage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following regulates and controls body functions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is found on the surface of the skin? |
|
Definition
| stratified squamous epithelium |
|
|
Term
| Which cells secrete the ground substance of cartilage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Microvilli are found on the __________ surface of the epithelial cells. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of muscle is unstriated, unbranched, involuntary, spindle shaped, and found in the walls of most hollow organs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The presence of keratin in integument provides a tough protective characteristic to __________. |
|
Definition
| stratified squamous epithelium |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following exocrine glands stores its secretion until the gland ruptures? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Connective tissue arises from which of the following embryonic tissues? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following individuals would have the greatest concentration of brown fat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A flat, sheetlike tendon that connects muscle to bone is known as __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A multicellular gland with round secretory cells and branching ducts is described as __________. |
|
Definition
| alveolar, compound, and exocrine |
|
|
Term
| The stroma of most lymphoid organs is composed of ___________. |
|
Definition
| reticular connective tissue |
|
|
Term
| Why are histological sections stained? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Polarity is a property of all normal epithelial tissues. True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The role of microvilli is to __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Epithelial tissues are innervated and usually vascularized. True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| function of stratified Sqaumous |
|
Definition
| protection from wear and tear |
|
|
Term
| function of simple squamous |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| function of simple cuboidal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| functional of transitional epithelium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You observe a tissue that has cells of varying heights. At first glance, it appears that the tissue has multiple cell layers, but upon closer investigation you see that all of the cells attach to the same basement membrane. What classification would you give to this epithelial tissue? |
|
Definition
| pseudostratified columnar epithelium |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of an exocrine gland? |
|
Definition
| to secrete substances onto body surfaces or into body cavities |
|
|
Term
| You observe a multicellular gland with branched ducts and saclike secretory areas. What type of gland would this most likely be? |
|
Definition
| a compound alveolar exocrine gland |
|
|
Term
| A sebaceous (oil) gland of the skin must completely rupture to release its secretory products. Thus, this type of gland is considered to be __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________ are important and common unicellular exocrine glands. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| It is a complex glycoprotein found in mucus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is NOT a type of connective tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following statements about collagen is true? |
|
Definition
| Collagen is a fibrous protein that provides tensile strength to certain connective tissues. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Function of hematopoietic stem cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Function of chondroblasts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formation of connective tissue proper |
|
|
Term
| Function of white blood cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a role of connective tissue? |
|
Definition
| transportation of bodily substances |
|
|
Term
| Macrophages are phagocytic cells. True or false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The best classification of adipose tissue is __________. |
|
Definition
| a loose connective tissue |
|
|
Term
| All connective tissues arise from a common embryonic tissue called mesenchyme. True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Neurons are cells that are involved in __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of muscle tissue has intercalated discs and is involuntarily controlled? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The skin is a __________ membrane. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What “sets the stage” for tissue repair? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All of the body's organs are derived from three primary germ layers. Which of the primary germ layers can produce epithelial tissues? |
|
Definition
| Ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm can all give rise to epithelial tissues. |
|
|
Term
| what is the correct order of the layers of the epidermis in thick skin from deep to superficial? |
|
Definition
| stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum |
|
|
Term
| name the function of tactile (merkel) cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name the function of hypodermis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name the function of melanin |
|
Definition
| protection from UV radiation |
|
|
Term
| name the function of dendritic cells |
|
Definition
| activation of the immune system |
|
|
Term
| name the function of keratinocytes |
|
Definition
| production of fibrous protein for skin protection |
|
|
Term
| True or false: Keratin protects the skin from the damaging effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The role of ceruminous glands is to __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If an individual were unable to produce sebum, what problem would he or she most likely develop? |
|
Definition
| He or she would have brittle, more easily broken hair. |
|
|
Term
| Apocrine sweat glands __________. |
|
Definition
| begin functioning at puberty |
|
|
Term
| true or false: For humans, food is the only source of vitamin D. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The region deep to the skin is the __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If dermal papillae were missing, then __________. |
|
Definition
| friction ridges would be absent |
|
|
Term
| One main difference between thin skin and thick skin is that __________. |
|
Definition
| in thin skin, the stratum lucidum appears to be absent |
|
|
Term
| Sebaceous glands secrete what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mammary glands secrete what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sudoriferous glands secrete what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ceruminous glands secrete what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or false: Keratin is found in hair and nails. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hirsutism is a condition that is characterized by __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or false: Follicles that give rise to eyebrows remain active longer than follicles of the scalp. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Skin does not have a role in regulating body temperature. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Melanoma is particularly dangerous because __________. |
|
Definition
| it grows rapidly and metastasizes |
|
|
Term
| A sunburn is generally classified as being __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An injection is administered through the skin using a hypodermic needle. Identify the first integumentary structure through which the needle will pass. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sebaceous glands are not located in these areas- |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sebaceous glands belong to which of the following classes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Terminal hair is located in all of the following areas EXCEPT the __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The reticular layer of the dermis is composed of which tissue type? |
|
Definition
| dense irregular connective tissue |
|
|
Term
| The epidermis is composed of which of the following tissues? |
|
Definition
| keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue |
|
|
Term
| What is the primary function of melanin? |
|
Definition
| to provide protection against the sun's UV rays |
|
|
Term
| list the sequence of epidermal layers of thick skin, from deep to superficial? |
|
Definition
| stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum |
|
|
Term
| Adipose tissue is concentrated in which of the following layers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following cells would NOT be present in the dermis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What epidermal components possess a waterproofing glycolipid that functions in preventing water loss? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which integumentary gland is believed to function as a sexual scent gland? |
|
Definition
| apocrine sudoriferous gland |
|
|
Term
| What is the only pigment synthesized in the skin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is NOT strictly a component of the integumentary system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What structures are primarily responsible for fingerprints? |
|
Definition
| epidermal ridges and sweat pores |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following thick skin strata is the thickest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Skin eruption produced by dilated small blood vessels of the face, especially on the nose and cheeks, is descriptive of which skin disorder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following layers of skin is avascular and relies on capillaries in the underlying connective tissue to provide nutrients? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The epidermis develops from which embryonic germ layer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following cells is part of the immune system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following cells function as sensory receptors for touch? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Keratinocytes in the stratum spinosum are known as __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of skin cancer affects cells of the stratum spinosum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Striae in the skin are caused by __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A hematoma in the skin appears as __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
