covers and lines organs, covers body surfaces, composes glands

underside anchored to connective tissue by the basement membrane

no blood vessels

cells readily divide

cells tightly packed

protection, secretion, absorption, excretion

binds structures, support, protection, frameworks, protects against infections, helps repair tissue damage, fills spaces, stores fat, produces blood cellls

good blood supply

cells farther apart than epithelial with extracellular matrix between

widely distributed throughout body

attatched to bones, in the walls of hollow internal organs, heart

movement

contract in response to specific stimuli

brain, spinal cord, nerves

trasmits impulses for coordination, regulation, integration,sensory reception

cells connect to each other and to other body parts

neurons are basic cells

neurons sense changes in surroundings and respond by transmitting nerve impulses along cytoplasmic extensions (cellular processes) to other neurons, muscles, or glands

neurologlial cells support and bind the components of the nervous tissue, carry on phagocytosis, and supply nutrients to neurons by connecting them to blood vessels

filtration, diffusion, osmosis, covers surfaces

air sacs of the lungs, walls ofcapillaries, linings ofblood and lymph vessels

single layer of thin,flat cells

broad and thin nuclei

substances easily pass through

secretion, absorption

surface of ovaries, linings of kidney tubules, linings of ducts of certain glands

single layer of cube-shaped cells

central, spherical nuclei

absorption, secretion, protection

linings of uterus, stomach, and intestine

single layer of elongated cells

sometimes ciliated

microvilli for absorption

goblet cells secrete protective mucus

protection, secretion, movement of mucus

linings of repiratory passages

appear layered because nuclei at different levels

ciliated

goblet cells

protection

outer layer of skin, linings of aral cavity, throat, vagina, and anal canal

many cell layers = thick

keratinization in skin

protection

linings of large ducts of mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, pancreas

2 or 3 layers of cuboidal cells lining a lumen

protection, secretion

vas deferens, male urethra, pharynx

upper layers and columnar and uner layers are cuboidal

distensibility, protection

inner lining of urinary bladder, lines ureters and urethra

secretion

salivary, sweat and endocrine glands

produce and secrete substances into ducts or body fluids

secrete water, protein-rich fluids through the cell membrane by exocytosis

salivar, pancreatic, and sweat (of the skin) glands

lose part of their glandular bodies during secretion

mammary, ceruminous (lining external ear canal) glands

entire cells filled with secertory products disintegrate

sebaceous glands of skin

large, star-shaped cells

fixed cell of connective tissue

produce fibers

carry on phagocytosis

wandering cell of connective tissue

originate as white blood cells

secrete heparin and histamine

fixed cells of connective tissue

large andwidely distributed

heparin prevents blood clotting

histamine promotes reactions of inflammation and allergies

connective tissue fiber

provide great tensile strenth

thick threads ofcollagen

important partsof parts that hold structures together (ligaments and tendons)

connective tissue fibers

stretch easily

composed of elastin

common in parts that are frequently stretched (vocal cords)

connective tissue fiber

lend delicate support

very thin collagenous fibers

aka areolar tissue

binds organs together, holds tissue fluids

beneath skin, between muscles, beneath epithelial tissues

cells, mainly fibroplasts, widely seperated by extracellular matrix with collagenous and elastic fibers

protects, insulates, stores fat

bneath skin, around kidneys,behind eyes, on surface of heart

specialized form of loose connective tissue

adipocytes store fat

binds organs together

tendons, ligametns, deeper layers of skin

composed of closely packed, thick collagenous fibers and a fine network of elastic fibers

rigid connective tissue 

support, frameworks, attatchments, protects underlying tissues, forms structural models for developing bones

chondrocytes (cartilage cells) surrounded by extracellular matrix

hyaline cartilage = most common type, fine collagenous fibers in extracellular matris and looks like white glass, ends of bones in joints, soft part of nose, supporting rings of repiratory passages

elastic cartilage = dense network of elastic fibers, flexible, framework for ears and larynx

fibrocartilage = tough, many collagenous fibers, cushioning

most rigid connective tissue

hard bc mineral salts

supports, protects, framework, attatchment for muscles, red marrow that forms blood cells, stores inorganic chemicals

osteocytes are bone cells

transportation, maintains stable internal environment

within blood vessels and heart chambers

fluid extracellular matrix called blood plasma

skeletal muscle tissue

striated

voluntary movements ofskeletal parts

attatched to bones

long, thread-like cells

not striated

short, spindle-shaped cells

involuntary movements of internal organs

walls of hollow internal organs

striated

heart movements

serous

mucous

cutaneous

release serous fluid 

line cavities not exposed to outside

lubricate membrane surface

simple squamous epithelium and thin layer of loose connective tissue

release mucous 

line cavities open to outside

lines joints

composed of connective tissues

organ

cutaneous membrane

maintains homeostasis, protective covering, regulate body temperature, retardswater loss, houses sensory receptors, synthesizes biochemicals, and excretes waste

stratified squamous epithelium

lacks blood vessels

surface layer

keratinization

includes stratum corneum (top layer with dead cells), stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale (nourished by blood cells)

stratum lucidum can be found in thick areas of the skin like palms and soles

has melanocytes

underneath epidermis

dermal papillae from epidermis project into dermis

binds epidermis to underlying tissues

dense connective tissue

blood vesselssupply nutrients to all skin cells and regulate body temperature

nerve cell processes scattered throughout

aka hypodermis

beneath dermis

loose connective and adipose tissue

no clear coundary between dermis

major blood vessels

in epidermis

produce melanin

melanin is a dark pigment that provides skin color and protects from UV radiation

has long, pigment-containing extentionsthattransfer melanin to other cells in a process called cytocrine secretion

specialized epithelial cells

associated with hair follicles

holocrine glands

secretesebum into fairfollicles

keeps hair and skin soft, pliable, and waterproof

aka sudoriferous glands

exocrine glands 

widespread in skin

tiny tube thatoriginatesas aball-shaped coil in dermis or subcutaneous layer

eccrine glandsrespond to body themperature

sweat mostly water with small amoutns of salt and wastes

apocrine glands become active at puberty and respond to emotional distress

skin disease of sebaceous glands

blackheads, pimples

fungal infection of toes and soles

fungis tenea pedis

infectious disease of skin

small clusters of vesicles

contageous bacterial disease

pustules that rupture and become covered with loosely held crusts

chronic skin disease

red patches covered in silvery scales

hyperactivity of sebaceous glands

greasy skin and dandruff

allergic reaction 

red, elevated patches (hives)