Term
| Each cell carries BLANK that make life possible. |
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Definition
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Term
| when cells work together they are called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Tissue is a group of cells that usually share a BLANK BLANK BLANK and function to do what? |
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Definition
| common embryonic origin and function to carry out specialized activities |
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Term
| Tissues vary tremendously with respect to three things: |
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Definition
1)how cells are arranged
2)the kind of cells that are present
3) type of fibers that are present |
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Term
| Histology is the study of? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| scientist who deals with laboratory studies of cells and tissues. |
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Term
| Pathologists help doctors do what? |
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Definition
| Make an accurate diagnosis |
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Term
| A pathologists primary function is to... |
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Definition
| examine tissues looking for any changes that might indicate disease. |
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Term
| The structure and function of tissue is influenced by? (two things) |
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Definition
1) Nature of extra-cellular material
2) Connection between cells (junctions) |
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Term
| Tissues vary tremendously in cellular makeup (three properties) |
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Definition
1)hard tissue (bone)
2)semisolid (fat)
3)liquid(blood & cytosol) |
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Term
| Epithelial provides for 17 specific things: |
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Definition
1)Covers body surfaces (Epithelium)
2)Lines hollow organs, body cavities and body ducts.
3)Forms glands
4)Cells arranged in continuous sheets
5)Found in either single or multiple layers
6) Cells are densely packed and held tightly together by numerous cell junctions
7)Avascular without blood vessels
8)Blood vessels that bring in nutrients and remove waste are located in the adjacent connective tissue
9)exchange of substances occurs between epithelial and connective tissue by diffusion
10)Epithelial has nerve supply
11) forms boundaries between body organs
12) found between body and external environment
13)Repeatedly subject to physical breakdown and injury
14)has a very high rate of cell division
15)Constantly renews and repairs itself by sloughing itself off
16) Replaces new cells |
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Term
| Most important roles for epithelial (6) |
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Definition
1)Protection
2)filtration
3)secretions
4)absorption
5)excretion
6)combine with nervous tissue to form special organs |
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Term
| When epithelial tissue forms special organs, they allow four things. |
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Definition
| smell, hearing, vision, touch. |
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Term
| There are four basic types of tissue, they are? |
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Definition
| epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous |
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Term
| Epithelial tissue does three things? |
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Definition
Cover body surfaces
lines body cavities and ducts
form glands |
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Term
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Definition
| there are eleven types, support and protect body organs, binds organs together, stores energy in reserves as fat, provides immunity to disease(certain organisms) |
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Term
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Definition
| Generates physical force necessary to move body, Specialized for contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| detects changes in a variety of conditions inside and outside of the body, responds by generating a nerve impulse that helps maintain homeostasis (nerve tissue in the brain also helps maintain it) |
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Term
| 5 epithelial characteristics: |
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Definition
| cellularity, polarity, attachment, avascularity, regeneration |
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Term
| composed almost entirely by cells bound closely together by cell junctions. In other tissue types cells are widely separated by extracellular material |
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Definition
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Term
| epithelium has exposed surfaces facing internal and external body surfaces. two surfaces differ both in structure and function distribution of membrane functions between and attached surfaces. |
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Definition
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Term
| Base of epithelium is bound to a thin basal lamina. Basal lamina is a complex structure produced by the basal surface of epithelium and underlying connective tissue. |
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Definition
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Term
| Without vessels, epithelial cells must obtain nutrients by diffusion or absorption across either an exposed or attached epithelial surface. |
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Definition
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Term
| damaged or lost cells at exposed surface are continuously replaced through division of stem cells. Regeneration rates are much higher in epithelium than any other tissue. |
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Definition
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Term
| The five essential functions of epithelial tissue are: |
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Definition
Provide protection
Control Permeability
To provide sensations
Produce specialized secretions called gland cells
excretion |
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Term
| -protects exposed and internal surfaces from abrasions, dehydration, destruction by chemicals or biological agents |
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Definition
| 1) provide physical protection (one of the five essential functions of epithelial tissue) |
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Term
| some are relatively impermeable others are easily crossed by proteins as large as proteins. Many types of epithelium that molecules are needed for selective absorption or excretion hormones can affect the transport of ions and nutrients through epithelial cells, physical stress can alter properties and structure of epithelium (example: callus) |
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Definition
| 2)Control Permeability(one of the five essential functions of epithelial tissue) |
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Term
| most epithelia are extremely sensitive to stimulation because they have a large sensory nerve supply, provide info about external and internal environment. |
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Definition
| To provide sensation(one of the five essential functions of epithelial tissue) |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized epithelium that provides a particular sensory function. |
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Term
| sensory cells provide (five things) |
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Definition
| Equilibrium, hearing, sight, smell and taste. |
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Term
| glandular epithelium is when... |
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Definition
| gland cells are scattered throughout cells in epithelium |
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Term
| Most or all of epithelial cells produce...which are dsicharged where? |
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Definition
excretions
the surface of epithelial |
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Term
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Definition
| physical protection, act as chemical messengers for some of secretions and released into surrounding interstitial fluid and blood |
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Term
| all nutrients that enter an epithelial cell are excreted as waste by epithelial tissues |
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Definition
| excretion (one of the five essential functions of epithelial tissue) |
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Term
| What is a contact point between the plasma membrane of tissue cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| Depending on the structure of junctions, they serve one of three functions: |
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Definition
1) form a seal like a ziploc between cells
2)anchor cells to one another or extra-cellular material
3)provide channels that allow ions and molecules to pass from cell to cell within a tissue |
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Term
| five most important cell junctions |
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Definition
| tight, adheren, desmosomes, hemidesmosomes and gap |
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Term
| Type of junction that consist of weblike strands of transmembrane proteins that fuse adjacent plasma membranes together |
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Definition
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Term
| type of junction found in cells of epithelial tissue in stomach intestines and urinary bladder |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 Functions of a tight junction |
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Definition
1)prevent passage of substances between cells
2)prevents contents of these organs from entering surrounding structures or blood |
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Term
| type of junction that contains plaque, |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| dense protein layer on the inside of the plasma membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| attaches to cytoskeleton proteins and to membrane proteins |
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Term
| what type of junction helps epithelial surfaces resist separation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of junction that contains plaque and has transmembranous glycoproteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| type of junction that has a structural arrangement that contributes to the stability of cells and tissues |
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Definition
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Term
| desmosomes are common in cells of the |
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Definition
| dermis, or outer layer of the skin |
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Term
| which type of junction prevent epidermal cells from separating under tension? |
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Definition
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Term
| which junction prevents cardiac muscle cells from pulling apart during contractions? |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of junctions resemble desmosomes? |
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Definition
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Term
| what makes hemidesmosomes different from desmosomes |
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Definition
| they lack the link to adjacent cells |
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Term
| what type of junction anchors cells to basement membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of junction has membrane proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| In a Gap junction, what connects cells to neighboring cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are connexons made of? |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of junction communicates with other cells in a tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
| what junction enables nerve and muscle impuses to spread rapidly among cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 types of Epithelium surfaces(3) |
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Definition
| apical (free), basal and lateral |
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Term
| Exposed to body cavities, exposed to lumen of internal organs and the exterior of the body |
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Definition
| apical surface of the epithelium |
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Term
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Definition
| the attachment between basal surface of epithelial and connective tissue |
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Term
| thin extracellular layer of tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| basement membrane consists of two membranes |
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Definition
| basal lamina and reticular lamina |
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Term
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Definition
| collagen fibers and other proteins |
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Term
| reticular lamina contains |
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Definition
| reticular fibers and fibronectin |
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Term
| The number one function of basement membrane besides supporting the epithelium is... |
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Definition
| serves as a filter in the kidneys. guides cells as they migrate during growth and repair |
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Term
| All epithelium is divided into two types: |
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Definition
| covering & lining, and glandular |
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Term
| Covering and lining epithelium (forms 4 things) |
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Definition
forms epidermis
forms outer lining of internal organs
forms inner lining of blood vessels ducts and body cavities
forms interior of respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive systems |
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Term
| glandular epithelium does...(one thing) |
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Definition
| secreting portion of glands. |
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Term
| three examples of glandular epithelium... |
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Definition
| thyroid, adrenal and sweat |
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Term
| covering and lining epithelium is classified according to... |
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Definition
| arrangement of cells in the layer, arrangement of cell shapes |
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Term
| arrangement of layers in covering and lining depends on? |
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Definition
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Term
| the three types of arrangements are |
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Definition
| simple epithelium, stratified, and psuedostratified |
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Term
| A single layer of cells that functions in diffusion osmosis filtration and secretion |
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Definition
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Term
| simple epithelium functions in what four things |
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Definition
| diffusion, osmosis, filtration and secretion |
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Term
| arrangement of layers that consists of two or more layers, in which cells protect underlying tissues from considerable wear and tear |
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Definition
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Term
| stratified epithelium protects underlying tissues from... |
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Definition
| considerable wear and tear |
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Term
| arrangement of layers in which single layers appears to have different layers because nuclei arent central, have a protectant function |
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Definition
| psuedostratified epithelium |
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Term
| psuedostratified epithelium has a what function? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| this cell shape is arranged like floor tiles. |
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Definition
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Term
| This cell shape allows for rapid transport of substance. |
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Definition
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Term
| Bodys most delicate type of epithelium is... |
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Definition
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Term
| Found in protected regions where secretion and absorption take place |
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Definition
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Term
| Somewhat Irregular and nuclei is in thickest portion of cell. |
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Definition
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Term
| Squamous has a BLANK surface. It serves what function? |
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Definition
| slippery and to reduce friction |
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Term
| The three main functions of squamous... |
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Definition
1) reduce friction
2) Control vessel permeability
3) performs absorption and secretion |
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