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Trachea,esophagus,throacic duct
Raja Final
64
Anatomy
Professional
03/20/2012
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Term
1.     The _____is the paten tube for passage of air to and from the lungs.
 Definition
TRACHEA
Term
2.     The upper end of the trachea is continuous with the _____.
 Definition
LOWER END OF THE LARYNX
Term
3.     The lower end of the trachea ends by dividing into _____.
 Definition
RIGHT AND LEFT PRIMARY BRONCHI
Term
4.     The trachea is made up of _____ and _____.
 Definition
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED CILIATED COLUMAR EPITHELIUM, AND HYALINE CARTILAGE
Term
5.     The upper end of the trachea lies at the lower border of the _____, opposite of the _____ vertebra.
 Definition
CRICOID CARTILAGE; C6
Term
6.     The trachea is _____ to _____cm in length.
 Definition
10-15CM
Term
7.     The external diameter of the trachea is about _____cm in males, and about _____cm in females.
 Definition
2CM; 1.5CM
Term
8.     The trachea has a _____ wall supported by _____ rings.
 Definition
FIBROELASTIC WALL; C-SHAPED HYALINE CARTILAGE RINGS
Term
9.     There are about _____ C-shaped hyaline cartilaginous rings.
 Definition
16-20
Term
10.  Posteriorly, the gab in the C-shaped cartilage ring is closed by a smooth muscle called the _____.
 Definition
TRACHEALIS MUSCLE
Term
11.  The lumen of the trachea is covered by the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, and contains many _____ and _____ glands.
 Definition
MUCUS AND SEROUS GLANDS
Term
12.  The arterial supply of the trachea is through the _____.
 Definition
INFERIOR THYROID ARTERY
Term
13.  The venous drainage of the trachea is into the _____
 Definition
LEFT BRACHIOCEPHALIC VEIN
Term
14.  The lymphatic drainage of the trachea is into the _____ and _____ nodes.
 Definition
PRETRACHEAL AND PARATRACHEAL NODES
Term
15.  Parasympathetic supply to the trachea is through these 2 nerves.
 Definition
1) VAGUS, 2) RECURRENT LARYNGEAL
Term
16.  The _____ nerve is sensory and secretomotor and motor to the trachealis muscle.
 Definition
RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE
Term
17.  The sympathetic nerve supply to the trachea is vasomotor and comes from fibers from the _____.
 Definition
MIDDLE CERVICAL GANGLION
Term
18.  Clinically, the trachea is palpated above the _____.
 Definition
SUPRASTERNAL NOTCH
Term
19.  _____ is a medical procedure performed if the tracheal airway in the larynx is obstructed by a cancer or a foreign body.
 Definition
TRACHEOSTOMY
Term
20.  The trachea may get compressed by surrounding structures and may cause _____.
 Definition
DYSPNEA
Term
21.  The _____ is a narrow 25cm long muscular tube forming the food passage between the pharynx and the stomach.
 Definition
ESOPHAGUS
Term
22.  The esophagus begins in the neck at the lower border of the _____, and enters the diaphragm at the level of _____.
 Definition
CRICOID CARTILAGE; T10
Term
23.  The esophagus is lines by _____ epithelium.
 Definition
NON-KERATINIZED STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
Term
24.  4 areas of constrictions of the esophagus.
 Definition
1) AT ITS BEGINNING (15CM FROM INCISOR TEETH), 2) WHERE IT IS CROSSED BY THE AORTIC ARCH (22.5 CM FROM INCISORS), 3) WHERE IS IT CROSSED BY THE LEFT BRONCHUS (27 CM FROM INCISORS), 4) WHERE IT PIERCES THE DIAPHRAGM (37.5CM FROM INCISORS)
Term
25.  The arterial supply to the cervical part of the esophagus is through the _____.
 Definition
INFERIOR THYROID ARTERY
Term
26.  The arterial supply to the thoracic part of the esophagus is through the _____.
 Definition
ESOPHAGEAL BRANCES OF THE DESCENDING THROACIC AORTA
Term
27.  The arterial supply to the abdominal part of the esophagus is through the _____.
 Definition
LEFT GASTRIC ARTERY
Term
28.  The venous drainage of the upper part of the esophagus is into the _____.
 Definition
BRACHIOCEPHALIC VEINS
Term
29.  The venous drainage of the middle part of the esophagus is into the _____.
 Definition
AZYGOS VEIN
Term
30.  The venous drainage of the lower part of the esophagus is into the _____.
 Definition
LEFT GASTRIC VEIN
Term
31.  The lower part of the esophagus is one of the sites of _____.
 Definition
PORTOSYSTEMIC ANATOMOSIS
Term
32.  The parasympathetic nerve supply to the upper half of the esophagus is through the _____.
 Definition
RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE
Term
33.  The parasympathetic nerve supply to the lower half of the esophagus is through the _____.
 Definition
ESOPHAGEAL PLEXUS FORMED BY THE 2 VAGUS NERVES
Term
34.  The sympathetic nerve supply to the upper half of the esophagus is through the _____.
 Definition
MIDDLE CERVICAL GANGLION
Term
35.  The sympathetic nerve supply to the lower half of the esophagus is through the _____.
 Definition
T1-T4 THORACIC GANGLIA
Term
36.  _____ is a condition when the epithelium of the lumen in the lower 1/3 of the esophagus is changed to columnar epithelium due to exposure of gastric contents in GERD.
 Definition
BARRET’S ESOPHAGUS
Term
37.  Barret’s esophagus may be the site of _____.
 Definition
ESOPHAGEAL CANCER
Term
38.  _____ is a condition when there is rupture of the esophagus seen in the bulimia nervosa or by endoscopist.
 Definition
BOERHAAVE ESOPHAGUS
Term
39.  _____ is a condition when there is a linear tear in the gastroesophageal junction due to vomiting.
 Definition
MALLORY WEISS SYNDROME
Term
40.  The _____ is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body that extends from the upper part of the abdomen to the lower part of the neck.
 Definition
THORACIC DUCT
Term
41.  The thoracic duct is a content of both the _____ and _____ mediastinum.
 Definition
SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR
Term
42.  The thoracic duct has a _____ appearance because of the presence of many valves.
 Definition
BEADED
Term
43.  The thoracic duct is about _____cm in length.
 Definition
45CM
Term
44.  The thoracic duct begins in the _____, and ends at the junction between the _____ and _____ veins.
 Definition
CYSTERNA CHYLI; LEFT INTERNAL JUGULAR AND SUBCLAVIAN VEINS
Term
45.  The thoracic duct enters the abdomen through the _____.
 Definition
AORTIC HIATUS AT T12
Term
46.  The muscular part of the diaphragm is situated peripherally with fibers that converge radially on the trifoliate central aponeurotic part called the _____.
 Definition
CENTRAL TENDON
Term
47.  The muscular part of the diaphragm forms a continuous sheet and is divided into these 3 parts based on the peripheral attachments.
 Definition
1) STERNAL PART, 2) COSTAL PART, 3) LUMBAR PART
Term
48.  The _____ part of the diaphragm runs two muscular slips from the posterior part of the xiphoid process.
 Definition
STERNAL PART
Term
49.  The _____ part of the diaphragm covers the internal surface of the inferior 6 costal cartilages and their adjoining ribs on each side.
 Definition
COSTAL PART
Term
50.  The _____ part of the diaphragm arises from lateral and medial arcuate ligaments.
 Definition
LUMBAR PART
Term
51.  The aortic opening of the diaphragm is _____.
 Definition
OSSEOAPONEUROTIC
Term
52.  The aortic opening of the diaphragm is found at the level of _____.
 Definition
T12
Term
53.  4 things transmitted through the aortic opening of the diaphragm.
 Definition
1) AORTA, 2) THORACIC DUCT, 3) AZYGOS VEIN, 4) HEMIAZYGOS VEIN
Term
54.  The esophageal opening of the diaphragm is _____.
 Definition
MUSCULAR
Term
55.  The esophageal opening of the diaphragm is found at the level of_____.
 Definition
T10
Term
56.  3 things transmitted through the esophageal opening of the diaphragm.
 Definition
1) ESOPHAGUS, 2) ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR VAGAL TRUNKS, 3) LEFT GASTRIC VESSELS
Term
57.  The vena caval opening of the diaphragm lies in the _____.
 Definition
CENTRAL TENDON OF THE DIAPHRAGM
Term
58.  The vena cava opening of the diaphragm is at the level of _____.
 Definition
T8
Term
1.     The vena cava opening of the diaphragm transmits these 2 things.
 Definition
1) IVC, 2) BRANCHES OF THE RIGHT PHRENIC NERVE
Term
1.     The diaphragm develops from these 4 components.
 Definition
1) SEPTUM TRANSVERSUM, 2) PLEUROPERITONEAL MEMBRANE, 3) MUSCULAR COMPONENT OF THE BODY WALL, 4) DORSAL MESENTERY OF THE ESOPHAGUS
Term
2.     The septum transversum develops into the _____.
 Definition
CENTRAL TENDON OF THE DIAPHRAGM
Term
3.     The dorsal mesentery of the esophagus develops into the _____.
 Definition
CRURA OF THE DIAPHRAGM
Term
4.     A _____ is a life-threatening condition that develops due to a left posterolateral defect where the abdominal contents enter the thoracic cavity.
 Definition
CONGENITAL DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA
Term
5.     The incidence of a congenital diaphragmatic hernia is _____.
 Definition
1 IN 2200 NEWBORNS
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