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Draws together and creates common ground between diverse communities
-Henry Jenkins, "Searching for the Origami Unicorn" |
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Sets into motion a work's decipherment, speculation, and elaboration
-Henry Jenkins, "Searching for the Origami Unicorn" |
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"A transmedia story unfolds across multiple media platforms, with each new text making a distinctive and valuable contribution to the whole." |
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- Henry Jenkins, "Searching for the Origami Unicorn" |
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Disperses content across different media (broadcast media, cell phones, collectibles, amusement parks, game arcades)
Collective intelligence |
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"The act of creating compelling environments that cannot be fully explored or exhausted within a single work or even a single medium"
- Henry Jenkins, "Searching for the Origami Unicorn" (Migratory cues?) |
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A detail that, when added, changes your perception of the fictional text |
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Transmedia Storytelling (Jenkins) |
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A process where integral elements of a fiction get dispered systematically across multiple delivery channels for the purpose of creating a unified and coordinated entertainment experience. |
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One company holds the interests across a range of what was once distinct media industries
(Transmedia storytelling reflects the economics of media consolidation, or "synergy," which makes transmedia expansion an economic imperative) |
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Importance of Charles Dickens to Transmedia |
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- Impact of technology
- Economics of serials
- Authorship
- Open dialogue with readership
- Track response
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French Critic, writer of "Death of the Author" (1968),
- Hermeneutic Codes
- "Writerly" and "Readerly" texts
- Work vs. Text
- Advocated divorcing author from text, let reader find meaning
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Long: Designed from the get-go to be an integral part of the story
(Source?)
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Originator of paratext theories (from Gray)
Paratexts form the "threshold" between the inside and outside of a text.
While a paratext can exist without a source, text cannot exist without paratexts
Hypotexts vs. Hypertexts
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Affirmational vs. Transformative Fandom |
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Modes of fan engagement
Affirmational (masculine/sanctioned): Focused on the text, authorial intent, establishing and upholding the narrative "rules"
Transformative (feminine/non-sanctioned): Fanon over canon, appropriation over documentation, and multiple interpretations over hierarchical authority |
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Hard: Planned as transmedia story from outset
Soft: One text becomes popular, more created from that
Chewy: Might have had transmedia story planned, and only carried out once it was popular
- Geoffrey Long, "Transmedia Storytelling" |
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Author kills himself to create the impression that he is a fan, though he is allowed to keep his authority as the author (ex: Joss Whedon)
- Jonathan Gray (borrowed from Barthes' "The Death of the Author") |
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Entryway vs. In Medias Res paratexts |
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Entryway: Gives a point of entry into a text (ex: Trailers)
In medias res: Flows between the gaps of textual exhibition
- Jonathan Gray |
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Peritext: Paratext within text (ex: Dedications)
Epitext: Paratext outside text (ex: Reviews, Public Response)
- Genette, referenced by Gray |
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Work: Tangible, "can be held in the hand"
Text: Process of consumption
-Barthes, referenced by Gray |
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Continuity vs. Multiplicity |
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Continuity: Continuiing of of the "unified experience" which is "systematically" developed across multiple texts
Multiplicity: Possibility of alternate versions of the characters or stories. Paves the way for unauthorized extensions of the hypotext.
-Jenkins, 7 Principles Revisited |
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Author gives value to a text |
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Knowledge communities that work to understand a text
- Henry Jenkins ("Transmedia Storytelling 101,") coined by Pierre Levy |
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An author who does not have a plan, but makes things up on the way (ex: David Lynch)
- Henry Jenkins, "Do You Enjoy Making the Rest of Us Feel Stupid?" |
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Coined by John Keats
The art of building strategic gaps into a narrative to evoke a delicious sense of 'uncertainty, mystery, or doubt' in the audience, persuades them to explore
- Geoffrey Long |
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Each medium is essential to understanding the story |
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Writerly vs. Readerly texts |
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Amount of activity work requires of you
Writerly: Active
Readerly: Not as active
-Roland Barthes |
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Amount of information behind fictional world
- Jenkins (attributed to Janet Murray), "Searching for the Origami Unicorn" |
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Cues that the author places that directs the audience to into a different medium |
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Hypotext: Main text
Hypertext: Secondary text
- Gérard Genette |
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Marketing, promotional tools, branding the name of the transmedia franchise on products.
Adds no distinct and valuable contribution to narrative.
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Hero's journey archetype
(ex: Star Wars) |
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How we move across the narrative
(film-video game-comic-film)
- Long |
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Through horizontal exploration we continue to learn about the story |
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Every text exists not in isolation, but in a complex web of interconnectedness with other texts that influenced it or are influenced by it.
In transmedia storytelling, this concept is made explicit, complicated and formalized through intermedial deployment
- Long |
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Hermeneutic Code (Barthes) |
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Mysterious elements that provokes questions along the narrative. Part of negative capability. |
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Proairetic Code (Barthes) |
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"Action codes" that provokes suspense |
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General philosophies and ideas that circulate within society |
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Costumes, architecture, artwork, and other cultural distinctions that represents cultural significance |
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Chronological Code (Long) |
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Events that happened over time
(ex: Clone Wars) |
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Places that appear briefly or not at all |
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Environmental Code (Long) |
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Biology, botany, zoology, etc. |
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Makes the viewer question whether what they have seen is real or not |
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- Spreadability vs. Drillability
- Continuity vs. Multiplicity
- Immersion vs. Extraction
- World Building
- Seriality
- Subjectivity
- Performance
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The capacity of the public to engage actively in the circulation of media content and, in the process, expand its economic value and cultural worth |
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Encourage forensic fandom to dig deeper in order to completely understand the story. Fewer people, but more time and energy spent. |
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Consumer enters into the world of the story
(ex: Theme Parks) |
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Fan takes aspects of the story away with them as resources they deploy in spaces of their every day life
(ex: items from a gift shop) |
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Breaking up the narrative arc into multiple discrete chunks of installments within a single medium and instead spreading those ideas or story chunks across multiple media systems |
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Explore the central narrative through new eyes, such as secondary characters or third parties. Diveristy causes fans to more greatly consider who is speaking and who they are speaking for |
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Ability of transmedia extensions to lead to fan-produced performances that can become part of the transmedia narrative itseld. Fans actively search for sits of potential performances |
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Multi-sensory stories told across two or more diverse media
-Marc Ruppel, "Learning to Speak Braille: Convergence, Divergence and Cross-Sited Narratives" |
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A modern narrative condition where fictive worlds extend into multiple media and moving image formats
- Long, but attributed to Matt Hanson |
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