Term
Tumour made up of melanin pigmented cells; metastatic |
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Definition
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Term
term for a non-pigmented melanoma |
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Definition
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Term
benign, tumour-like nodule that is made up of cells and tissue that normally occur that tissue |
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Definition
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Term
Neoplasm composed of embryonic cells of the tissue/organ |
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Definition
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Term
Cancer that begins in the skin or tissues that line the body organs |
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Definition
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Term
Another name for benign choroidal melanoma |
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Definition
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Term
What may indicate chronicity of a choroidal nevus |
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Definition
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Term
General shape and elevation of choroidal nevus |
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Definition
flat/minimally elevated, round or oval |
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Term
Time when choroidal nevi grow the most |
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Definition
Before puberty, rare to grow after this time |
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Term
Choroidal lesions will ___________________ with the red-free filter turned on |
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Definition
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Term
With what size of a choroidal nevus should one start to suspect malignancy |
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Definition
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Term
How often should you RTC a 2-5DD choroidal nevus |
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Definition
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Term
Name 4 additional tests for evaluating a suspect choroidal nevus |
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Definition
Ultrasound FA Photodocument P32 |
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Term
Changes in appearance of a choroidal nevus that increase suspicion of malignancy |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Malignant choroidal melanoma |
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Term
Average age of incidence of malignant choroidal melanomas |
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Definition
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Term
Malignant choroidal melanoma is extremely rare in which ethnicity? |
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Definition
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Term
Malignant choroidal melanoma-circumscribed vs. diffuse Which is more common |
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Definition
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Term
Malignant choroidal melanoma-circumscribed vs. diffuse Which has worse prognosis |
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Definition
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Term
Color and elevation of malignant choroidal melanoma |
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Definition
Highly elevated grayish-green color |
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Term
Symptoms associated with malignant choroidal melanoma |
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Definition
may be asymptomatic reduced Vas visual field defects photopsia/floaters |
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Term
Malignant Choroidal melanoma unilateral vs. bilateral Primary lesions are typically ___________________ Secondary lesions are typically _________________ |
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Definition
1. unilateral 2. bilateral |
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Term
Males with malignant choroidal melanoma commonly have a history of these 2 types of cancer |
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Definition
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Term
Females with malignant choroidal melanoma commonly have a history of which type of cancer |
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Definition
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Term
Which is better for visualizing lipofuscin deposits, fluid detachments and dilation of feeder vessels, contact fundus lens or BIO |
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Definition
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Term
How to differentiate between melanoma and hamartoma |
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Definition
Transillumination of the sclera- pigmented will not transmit light but the nonpigmented lesions will |
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Term
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Definition
Will block the fluorescence |
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Term
Tx options for malignant choroidal melanoma greater than 3 mm thick and larger than 10mm in diameter |
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Definition
Enucleation Radioactive plaques Transpupillary Thermotherapy Local resection Heavy charged particle irradiation |
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Term
3 complications from radioactive plaques |
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Definition
retinopathy cataracts vitreous hemorrhages |
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Term
Compare FANG of benign vs. malnignant lesion |
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Definition
Benign=hypofluorescence Malignant=hyperfluorescence |
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Term
Definitions for TFSOM (To Find Small Ocular Melanomas) |
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Definition
T=Thickness >2mm Subretinal fluid Symptoms Orange Margin touching optic disk |
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Term
Based on the COMS study results, what is standard treatment for 'large choroidal melanomas.' |
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Definition
Enucleation, no difference with pre-enucleation radiation |
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Term
Based on the COMS study results, what is standard treatment for 'medium choroidal melanomas.' |
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Definition
Same mortality rate for brachytherapy as enucleation, thus most choose brachytherapy so they keep their eye. |
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Term
A slow-growing, benign, intrachoroidal calcification near the nerve head. |
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Definition
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Term
Describe the appearance of choroidal osteomas |
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Definition
yellow-white to orange-red lesions with scalloped edges |
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Term
Appearance of choroidal osteoma on A scan |
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Definition
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Term
Appearance of choroidal osteoma on B scan |
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Definition
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Term
Ciliary Body Malignant Melanomas are usually not visible until they grow very large, what are some other ways they can be diagnosed |
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Definition
Pressure creates irregular astigmatism CORECTOPIA Anterior displacement of lens Focal opacity in lens Focal dilation of episcleral vessels Glaucoma RD |
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Term
2 treatment options for ciliary body malignant melanomas |
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Definition
Enucleation if large Sector resection if small-medium |
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Term
Location of a melanocytoma |
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Definition
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Term
T or F Melanocytomas usually involve the superior part of the nerve head |
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Definition
False Usually the inferior part is involved |
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Term
T or F Melanocytomas are almost always devastating to vision |
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Definition
False 75% have no visual reduction, if there is any it is minimal |
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Term
Main differential diagnosis for a melanocytoma |
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Definition
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Term
Which test is used to differentiate a malignant melanoma from a melanocytoma |
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Definition
Fluorescein angiography Malignant=hyperfluorescence Melanocytoma blocks the dye, no vascular abnormalities |
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Term
Another name for a secondary tumor |
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Definition
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Term
What is one possible reason that ocualr tissues are relatively common sites for metastasis |
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Definition
Vascular nature of the eye |
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Term
What proportion of metastatic carcinoma of the choroid are bilateral |
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Definition
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Term
Common site for the primary tumour in cases of metastatic carcinoma |
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Definition
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Term
Describe appearance of metastatic carcinoma of the choroid |
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Definition
Generally posterior pole oval, flat/slightly elevated creamy white-yellow-gray |
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Term
Primary symptom of metastatic carcinoma of the optic nerve |
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Definition
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Term
Prognosis for metastatic carcinoma of the optic nerve |
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Definition
Poor, avg survival 10 months |
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Term
What is the most common primary ocular tumour in children |
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Definition
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Term
Retinoblastoma is a common ocular tumour, second only to _____________________ |
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Definition
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Term
Retinoblastoma Usually solitary or multiple? |
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Definition
Usually multiple tumours, average of 5 |
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Term
Mortality rate of retinoblastoma |
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Definition
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Term
T or F The majority of cases of retinoblastoma are due to germinal mutations and thus can be passed on to offspring |
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Definition
False, 25% can be passed on, the other 75% are somatic mutations and cannot be passed on |
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Term
What is the risk of having a child with retinoblastoma if there are already 2 affected children in the same family |
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Definition
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Term
A survivor of hereditary retinoblastoma has what chance of having a child with retinoblastoma |
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Definition
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Term
2 subjective signs of retinoblastoma |
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Definition
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Term
Why may Retinoblastoma be reflective on ultrasound |
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Definition
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Term
Treatment of Retinoblastoma Photocoagulation is an option for what size of tumours |
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Definition
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Term
Treatment of Retinoblastoma Irradiation is an option for what size of tumours |
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Definition
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Term
Treatment of Retinoblastoma Cryotherapy is a treatment for what size of tumours |
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Definition
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Term
Description of type of Retinoblastoma that has the best prognosis |
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Definition
Group I Small <4DD, behind equator |
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Term
What is the name of the ciliary body equivalent to retinoblastoma |
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Definition
Embryonic Medulloepithelioma |
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Term
Which layer of the ciliary body is involved in embryonic medulloepithelioma |
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Definition
non-pigmented epithelial layer of the ciliary body |
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Term
Name 4 associated findings of medulloepithelioma |
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Definition
Glaucoma Cataracts Iritis rubeosis |
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Term
Multiple gray to white fluffy mass of inner surface of ciliary body |
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Definition
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Term
Which ocular tumour is usually associated with trauma to the eye or post inflammation |
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Definition
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Term
What does CHRPE stand for |
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Definition
Congenital Hypertrophy of Retinal Pigment Epithelium |
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Term
Will CHRPE disappear with red-free filter? |
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Definition
No, RPE lesions do not disappear with red-free filter, choroidal lesions will |
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Term
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Definition
dark grey, black distinct edges variable size may be single or multiple |
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Term
4 'causes' of RPE Hyperplasia |
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Definition
Insult/Trauma to retina Chorioretinal inflammations scars Choroidal neo |
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Term
Mechanism of RPE Hyperplasia |
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Definition
Invasion of RPE into sensory retina |
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Term
Appearance of RPE Hyperplasia |
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Definition
Jet black irregular pigmentation |
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Term
Cerebral Angiomatosis aka______________________ |
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Definition
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Term
Describe Von Hippel-Lindau Dz |
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Definition
A condition that predisposes patients to benign and malignant vascular tumours, specifically of the retina, CNS, liver, kidneys, pancreas and spleen |
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Term
Describe the vasculature involved in cerebroretinal angiomatosis tumours |
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Definition
Vessels are 2-3X larger than normal and tortuous Usually involves both afferent and efferent vasculature |
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Term
Cerebroretinal Angiomatosis What proportion of ocular manifestations are bilateral |
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Definition
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Term
Cerebroretinal Angiomatosis More common location for ocular tumours |
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Definition
Mid-peripheral retina but can be found anywhere |
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Term
Cerebroretinal Angiomatosis describe the ocular tumour |
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Definition
Capillaries growing in disarray with associated glial proliferation |
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Term
Cerebroretinal Angiomatosis Ocular complications of the tumours |
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Definition
Hemorrhage/hard exudation of the tumour Secondary glaucoma Retinal Detachment |
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Term
Cerebroretinal Angiomatosis Systemic complications |
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Definition
Cerebral, cerebellum and spinal cord tumours visceral organ tumours (kidneys, pancreas etc.) |
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Term
Encephalotrigeminal Angiomatosis aka____________________ |
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Definition
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Term
3 types of angioma associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome |
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Definition
Intracranial angioma Facial Angioma Choroidal angioma |
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Term
Which nerves are often involved in Sturge-Weber |
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Definition
1st and 2nd branches of trigeminal nerve |
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Term
What is another term for the flat venous hemangioma associated with Sturge-Weber |
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Definition
Nevus Flammeus or Port Wine Stain |
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Term
Why might a diffuse choroidal hemangioma be missed |
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Definition
Because the entire fundus is deep red in color , may only be noticed if compared to the other eye |
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Term
Choroidal Hemangioma associated with Sturge Weber Localized or diffuse? |
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Definition
Tend to be diffuse in Sturge-Weber |
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Term
Sturge-Weber syndrome-which additional ocular manifestation is a primary concern |
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Definition
Congenital glaucoma (30% develop) |
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Term
Involvement of what structure increases likelyhood of development of glaucoma in Sturge-Weber syndrome |
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Definition
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Term
Why are arteriovenous malformations not true phacomatoses? |
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Definition
True phacomatoses involve retina, CNS AND skin This only involves the retina and CNS |
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Term
What is the origin/cause of arteriovenous malformations |
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Definition
Embryonic origin-failure of the differentiation of the vascular plexus |
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Term
Describe arteriovenous malformations |
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Definition
direct communication of arteries and veins without a capillary bed , these vessels are markedly dilated and tortuous |
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Term
Symptoms of Arteriovenous Malformation |
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Definition
typically asymptomatic but can cause hemorrhages |
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Term
Systemic manifestations of arteriovenous malformations |
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Definition
similar lesions can occur in the brain, hemorrhage can cause epilepsy |
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Term
Tuberous Sclerosis aka ___________________ |
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Definition
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Term
Cutaneous manifestations of Tuberous Sclerosis |
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Definition
Sebaceous Adenoma Achromic Nevi Shagreen Patch |
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Term
Ocular Manifestations of Tuberous Sclerosis |
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Definition
Small conjunctiva tumours hypopigmented iris spots Astrocytoma |
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Term
Describe the sebaceous adenomas found in Tuberous Sclerosis |
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Definition
Called Angiofibromas, they are lesions that vary in size and shape, highly vascularized, found area the nose and lips |
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Term
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Definition
hypopigmented skin patches on trunk and limbs that resembles ash leaves |
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Term
Describe the Shagreen patch associated with Tuberous Sclerosis |
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Definition
A diffuse, fibrous thickening that has an orange peel appearance, usually located on the back |
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Term
Describe appearance of astrocytoma associated with Tuberous Sclerosis |
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Definition
Gray-white raised, nodular lesions that resemble a mulberry, 0.5-1DD in size, usually near ONH |
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Term
Primary symptom of astrocytoma |
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Definition
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Term
Systemic manifestations of Tuberous Sclerosis |
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Definition
Astrocytic tumours can develop in the brain and block CSF drainage or cause focal defects. 80% suffer epilepsy, 60% develop some mental retardation Tumours may also develop in kidney, thyroid and heart |
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Term
3 Cutaneous Manifestations of Neurofibromatosis |
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Definition
Café au lait spots Plexiform neurofibromas Fibroma molluscum |
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Term
Café au lait spots are associated with which diseasse |
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Definition
Neurofibromatosis (Von Recklinghausen's Disease) |
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Term
Describe the number and size of Café au Lait spots that almost guarantees the manifestation of Neurofibromatosis |
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Definition
6 or more spots exceeding 1.5 cm in diameter |
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Term
subcutaneous tumours originating in the Schwann cells of peripheral nerves |
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Definition
Plexiform neurofibromas (Neurofibromatosis) |
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Term
how do plexiform neurofibromas cause elephantiasis neuromatosis |
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Definition
They cause hypertrophy of the surrounding skin |
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Term
CNS Manifestations of Neurofibromatosis |
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Definition
Multiple tumours of brain, spinal cord, meninges and nerves |
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Term
Manifestation of Neurofibromatosis in the lids |
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Definition
Produces s-shaped lids with partial to complete ptosis |
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Term
How may neurofibromatosis result in proptosis |
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Definition
Orbital tumours or optic nerve gliomas can cause the proptosis May also be due to congenital absence of portion of the sphenoid |
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Term
How may neurofibromatosis manifest on the iris |
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Definition
Formation of tumours that look like tan nodules or nevi, these increase in number with age and cause heterochromia |
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Term
What ocular disease may manifest due to Neurofibromatosis |
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Definition
Congenital unilateral glaucoma |
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Term
Treatment of neurofibromatosis |
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Definition
surgical removal of the tumours, possibly irradiation of the optic nerve gliomas |
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