Term
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Definition
the study of humankind, of ancient and contemporary people and their ways
of living. |
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Term
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Definition
the study of culture, the ways of life and their transmission, the
traditions, the beliefs, the myths, and the relationship between rules and practices. |
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Term
| Participant-observation/fieldwork |
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Definition
social anthropologists live among the people whose culture
they are studying, observing them and participating in their lives as much as they can. |
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Term
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Definition
a theory that cultural codes of one group of people are not more
moral than those of another. |
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Term
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Definition
| a system of knowledge which is variably shared by members of a given society |
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Term
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Definition
a group of people who are united by social relations. You may have
differentiated cultural groups incorporated with a single social system. |
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Term
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Definition
| organization of society seen in terms of structural roles and positions |
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Term
| Enculturation/socialization |
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Definition
a partly conscious and unconscious learning experience. We
learn how to act in ways appropriate to our roles within structures. This process of
socialization literally means to be 'made social'. It begins at birth and continues until
death. |
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Term
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Definition
the diffusions of cultural patterns between two societies in which,
generally, one dominates the other. |
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Term
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Definition
the opinion that one's way of life, one's philosophy, one's culture is
correct, and in fact the only true way of being fully human |
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Term
| Social evolutionism theory |
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Definition
a theory, which was developed by 19th century thinkers. There were
several differences among theorists, however all believe that ___ ____
was progressive, that cultures would evolve from simple to more complex states. H.
Spencer, E. Tylor, H. Morgan |
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Term
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Definition
emerged at the turn of the 19th century. Theorists reacted to
evolutionism. F. Boas argued that social evolutionism(not this theory) was pure speculation.
Theorists argued that each culture has its own and unique history. Theorists attempted to understand and explain a culture on its own terms. |
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Term
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Definition
The founder is Claude Lévi-Strauss. Lévi-Strauss sees culture as
expressed for example in art, ritual and daily life, as surface representations of
the universal underlying structure of the human mind, in particular of the human
tendency to organize their world in terms of binary opposition. |
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Term
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Definition
believe that technology
plays the primary role in social evolution and influence all social and ideational
levels of society. |
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Term
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Definition
direct their attention to power relations. They view society in terms
of struggles of different social groups for control and power. |
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Term
| Interpretative Anthropology |
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Definition
look at a problem and excavate for meanings, they
try to understand the meanings that social actors create. They argue that
individuals have the capacity to transform and reinterpret their cultural tradition. |
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Term
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Definition
study how such experience differ from
women to women, from men, from culture to culture. They argue that we need to
see how gender as a process intersect with class, age and ethnicity. \ |
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Term
| Post-Structuralist/Post-Modern Anthropology |
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Definition
do not
believe that as observers they can produce neutral and objective knowledge about
the world. They argue that we need to explain the process of research to situate it
in order to de-colonize the relationship between observers and observed. |
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Term
| Participant-observation/fieldwork |
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Definition
Social anthropologists live among the people whose
culture they are studying, observing them and participating in their lives as much as they
can. |
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Term
| Emic and Etic perspectives |
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Definition
Emic represent the point of view of peoples the
anthropologist works with and Etic perspective conveys the anthropologist’s analysis.
Marvin Harris championed this strategy and regarded the etic perspective key to
understand the basic foundations of social structures. |
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Term
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Definition
a custom that requires an individual to marry outside a specific
group of which he is a member. |
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Term
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Definition
the custom that requires marriage within one's own social
group. Each culture establishes rules, which define what type of sexual relations
are regarded as legal and as the norm. |
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Term
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Definition
People who are related through descent or through a combination of affinity and
descent |
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Term
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Definition
primarily consanguineal relations (kinship traced to relatives both
through father and mother). This means that persons are related by "blood" or
they have a common ancestor, real or fictive. |
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Term
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Definition
| in-laws and step-relatives. |
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Term
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Definition
your membership is determined by your
birth and with one of your parent |
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Term
| patrilineal descent group |
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Definition
When the unlineal descent group is
determined through the father's family |
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Term
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Definition
When the unlineal descent group is
determined through the mother's family |
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Term
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Definition
you trace your relationship to other kin both
through your mother's family and your father's family. |
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Term
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Definition
composed of a group of people who claim to be related to a common
ancestor through unilineal descent rule. |
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Term
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Definition
| composed of several lineages It is exogamous or endogamous. |
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Term
| kin terminological system |
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Definition
| Each society needs what is called kinship terms and rules of kinship |
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Term
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Definition
ways of classifying and labeling relatives, separating and
joining individuals in categories and these labels establish your roles, your
relations to one another, your duties etc.... |
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Term
| what kind of kin classification do the Warlpiri follow? |
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Definition
| The Warlpiri follow an Arandic system of kin classification |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| If a man has several spouses |
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Term
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Definition
if a woman
has several husbands |
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Term
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Definition
| a custom in which a widow marries one of her husband's brothers |
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Term
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Definition
the preference of a widower who once he is ready to remarry will marry a sister of his
deceased wife |
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Term
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Definition
| strategies to establish rights over labor and reproductive. |
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Term
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Definition
| a cultural construction. Gender constitutes social relations |
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Term
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Definition
expressed through the intervention and the invention of Culture. In other words sex is also
social product. |
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Term
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Definition
| like gender seen as a biological process but it is also culturally constructed |
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Term
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Definition
All the critical transitions of one's life cycle are marked by rites of passage such as birth, puberty,
marriage, parenthood, death, voting, driving, and so on. |
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