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Definition
pure; cannot be broken down |
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Term
How many elements occur in nature? |
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Definition
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96% of living matter is composed of? |
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Definition
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen,and Nitrogen |
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Definition
Smallest unit of matter that retain element properties |
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Term
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Definition
Nucleus: proton-positive and neutron-neutral
Cloud: electrons-negative |
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Definition
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Definition
Sum of proton and neutrons |
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Term
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Definition
Different atomic form of an element with different number of NEUTRONS |
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Term
Which part of the atom interacts and which part never interacts? |
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Definition
Nuclei-NEVER interacts Electron cloud-interact |
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Term
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Definition
2 atoms sharing pair of valence electrons |
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Term
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Definition
covalent bond with 2 atoms that PULL EQUALLY |
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Definition
Electrons are NOT shared equally |
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Definition
Demands more energy to change the temperature-water |
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Definition
"loves" water-dissolve easily |
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Definition
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Definition
Inorganic mole. made of many building blocks |
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Definition
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What is neutral, acid and a base? |
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Definition
Neutral-7 Acid-0-7 Base-7-14 |
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Term
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Definition
2 monomers bond because LOSS of H20 |
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Term
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Definition
2 monomers break because the ADDITION of H20 |
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Term
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Definition
simplest of carbohydrates |
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Term
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Definition
Is a sugar and a polymer of sugar |
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Term
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Definition
Join 2 monosaccharides with dehydration |
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Term
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Definition
polymers of sugar-> storage/structural roles |
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Term
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Definition
Storage polymer of plants, polymer of glucose |
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Term
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Definition
Storage polymer of animals, not intended for energy |
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Term
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Definition
MAJOR part of plant cell wall |
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Term
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Definition
large biological molecule WITHOUT a monomer Consists of: fats,phospholipids, and steroids |
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Term
Proteins are Enzymes which are catalysts |
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Definition
NOT all catalysts are enzymes |
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Term
Primary Level of a protein structure |
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Definition
unique set of amino acids |
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Term
Secondary level of a protein structure |
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Definition
Common; coil/folds in polypeptide chain |
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Term
Tertiary level of a protein structure |
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Definition
interactions among various side chains |
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Term
Quaternary level of a protein structure |
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Definition
protein has MULTIPLE polypeptide chains |
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Term
which part of H2O is positive and negative? |
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Definition
Hydrogen-Positive Oxygen-Negative |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
water x other substance like plastic |
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Term
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Definition
more energy to change the temperature of H2O |
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Term
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Definition
H2O has a high heat of vaporization, which means more calories to evaporate |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
compounds with same molecular formula but DIFFERENT structure and properties |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
single, Cytosine and Thymine |
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Definition
Double, Guanine and Adenine |
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Term
All organisms are made of what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Proteins. ALL CELLS NEED THIS |
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Term
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Definition
chromosomes condense into Chromatin when they prepare to DIVIDE |
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Term
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Definition
"highway system" of cell. Modify, packages,sorts and packages materials. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Cellular respiration location, metabolic, use oxygen to generate ATP |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
membranous stack to form a GRANUM |
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Term
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Definition
internal fluid inside cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
fiber network that extends throughout cytoplasm, organize cell and anchor organelles |
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Term
what are the differences between a plant and animal cell? |
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Definition
cell wall, vacoule, peroxsisome,chloroplast |
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Term
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Definition
Allow some substances to cross more easily than others. |
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Term
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Definition
molecules spread evenly into an avalible space |
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Term
Where does water move during diffusion? |
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Definition
Higher Concentration to lower concentration |
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Term
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Definition
diffusion of water across a membrane |
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Term
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Definition
water moves out, cell becomes shrivled |
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Term
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Definition
Water moves in, cell becomes bloated |
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Term
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Definition
RELEASE energy by BREAKING complex molecules |
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Term
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Definition
CONSUME energy to build complex molecules from simple molecules |
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Term
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Definition
Energy that can do work when temperature and pressure are uniform |
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Term
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Definition
Net RELEASE of energy, negative, lose energy |
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Term
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Definition
ABSORB free energy, positive, gain energy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Chemical agent that speeds up a reaction |
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Term
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Definition
Organic Catalyst, also a protien |
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Term
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Definition
energy needed to start a chemical reaction |
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Term
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Definition
break down of sugar, occurs without oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Works without oxygen, yeast and anaerobic bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
substance that loses elections |
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Term
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Definition
Substance gains elections |
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Term
What are the steps of Cellular Respiration |
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Definition
Step 1: Glycolysis Step 2: Citric Acid Cycle Step 3:Oxidative Phosphorylation |
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Term
What happens in step 1 of Cellular Respiration? |
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Definition
Glycolysis can be converted into pyruvate, then it enters the mitochodria |
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Term
What happens in step 2 of cellular respiration? |
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Definition
Citric acid cycle: pyruvate converts into Acetyl CoA, links glycolysis to citric acid cycle. OXYGEN MUST BE PRESENT IN THE FOLLOWING inside mitochondrial matrix, acetyl coA joins cycle by combining with oxalacetate...cyce repeats |
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Term
What happens in step 3 of cellular respiration? |
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Definition
Powers ATP synthesis by oxidative phophorylation, converts all energy into ATP....REULST IS 32 ATP |
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Term
What are autotrophs and heterotrophs? |
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Definition
Autotrophs: producers Heterotrophs: consumers |
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Term
What cycles does photosynthesis consist of? |
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Definition
Light reaction (photosynthesis) and Synthesis part (Calvin cycle) |
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Term
What parts of light do plants absorb and plants reflect? |
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Definition
Absorbs every color but green, while it reflects green |
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Term
What does the calvin Cycle do? |
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Definition
Takes in CO2 from air and turns it into a sugar,Anabolic |
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Term
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Definition
Cell division that produces NON-IDENTICAL daughter cells. (gametes) |
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Term
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Definition
Division of nuclear content |
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Term
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Definition
Division of cytoplasm and organelles |
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Term
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Definition
G1, S Phase:where sister chromatids and made, G2 |
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Term
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Definition
Nuclear membrane disappears, chromosomes condense into chromatin |
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Term
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Definition
Chromosomes line up at metaphase plate, Spindle fibers attach to centromere region |
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Term
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Definition
sister chromatids separate and more towards opposite ends |
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Term
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Definition
Nuclear membrane reforms and the BOOM cytokinesis....wow |
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Term
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Definition
actual display of chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
chromosomes that do not determine gender |
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Term
What is the difference between haploid and diploid cells? |
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Definition
Haploid:half the chromosomes, product of Meiosis 1 and 2 Diploid:All chromosomes,2n |
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Term
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Definition
2 haploid cells with replicated chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
4 daughter dells with UNREPLICATED chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
When homologous chromosomes loosely pair up making a TETRAD |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Non-sister chromatids exhange DNA segments ( in your book it looks like pink chromosomes with blue tips, when they separate its like they take a bit of the other chromosome with them) |
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Term
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Definition
Chromatids that cross over to form an X |
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Term
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Definition
alternate version of a gene |
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Term
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Definition
Identical offspring, small gene pool, reason for pure breed dogs |
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Term
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Definition
Inbetween of 2 parental varieties, Such as a red and white flower having pink babies!!! |
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Term
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Definition
2 dominant alleles that affect the phenotype in separate and distinguishable ways |
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Term
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Definition
Genes with multiples phenotypic effects |
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Term
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Definition
Gene at 1 locus alters phenotipic expression of a gene on anaother |
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Term
What is the chromosome theory of inheritance? |
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Definition
Genes have certain loci on chromosomes,chromosomes undergo inependent assortment and segregation |
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Term
Who discovered that a specific gene witha specific chromosome? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
phenotypes common in the population (5 fingers) |
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Term
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Definition
Alternative traits to wild type (your face jkjkjkjk...there are alot of cards here) |
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Term
What are the 2 different types of sex chormosomes and what are their sizes? |
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Definition
X-larger -duh Y-smaller-hah |
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Term
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Definition
on Y chromosomes, development of TESTES, without it the default is FEMALE |
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Term
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Definition
a gene located on either sex chromosome, for humans it is located on larger X chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
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What are the use of Barr Bodies? |
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Definition
used in Olympics to check gender, is in one of the two X's in a female |
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Term
Who is Alfred Stuaterant? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
pair of homologous chromosomes that do not divide properly |
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Term
James Watson and Francis Crick |
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Definition
introduced double helix structure |
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Term
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Definition
discovered genes located on chromosomes are made of DNA and PROTEINS |
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Term
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Definition
widely used in genetic research |
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Term
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase |
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Definition
Did experiments proving DNA is genetic material of a phage known as T2 |
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Term
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Definition
Dna composition varies from species to species-A and T are in equal amounts so is C and G.. |
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Term
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Definition
Produced picture of DNA with a crystallograph |
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Term
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Definition
enzyme that UNWINDS double helix |
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Term
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Definition
read base and build corresponding base, DOES MOST WORK |
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Term
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Definition
DNA molecules at end of chromosomes that postpone erosion of genes, cause of aging |
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Term
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Definition
responsible for 1st level of DNA packing in a chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
I advise reading through your spiral..I tried covering alot of it through this ridiculous amount of note cards and I hope it helps us all c:!~ |
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