Term
–exams the vascular
system detecting blood clots, narrowed
vessels or abnormalities in blood flowow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Urological application such as what will locate etiologies of
testicular pain, swelling or masses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Color flow Doppler
• Assigned colors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Calculation of flow velocities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Ultrasound waves reflected to
transducer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Ultrasound waves transmitted
thru medium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| On what can us quality depend? |
|
Definition
Operator dependent
–Imaging
–Significant learning curve. Equipment
–Quality of images. |
|
|
Term
Clearer images of the heart
–Improved visualization of posterior structures
•Left atrium
–Invasive
•Patient preparation
•Procedural risks |
|
Definition
| Trans-esophageal echocardiogram (TEE) |
|
|
Term
–Diagnose coronary heart
disease
–Exercise ( HR) + ECG + echocardiogram |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is doppler usually included in tte? |
|
Definition
| Doppler examination usually included |
|
|
Term
Assess for stenosis* or
dissection of carotid arteries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1oused to locate deep vein thrombosis (DVT) |
|
|
Term
| contraindications- trauma us |
|
Definition
| Unstable trauma patient immediate surgery |
|
|
Term
does not detect retroperitoneal blood
–Scanning may be limited by pt. body habitus
•Adipose tissue does not transmit sound
waves well
–Lower sensitivity for injury localization
–Operator dependent (ACEP training standards) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
–Performed in trauma room by trained staff
–Check for free fluid in the abdomen/pelvis
–Timely dx of potentially life-threatening
hemorrhage
–Decision making tool |
|
Definition
FAST scan –Focused Assessment
Sonography for Trauma |
|
|
Term
displaced
diagnostic peritoneal lavage |
|
Definition
| FAST in conjunction with CT scan |
|
|
Term
| where is peritoneum entered for peritoneal lavage? |
|
Definition
Peritoneum entered via skin
incision + division of linea alba |
|
|
Term
Indicated for intra-abdominal
(bleeding) trauma -?
laparotomy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Catheter inserted
towards the pelvis and
aspiration of material
attempted using a
syringe –looking for
blood
• No blood, saline is
infused and after a few
minutes drained lab
analysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Pericardial sac ()
•Morrison’s pouch ()
•Splenorenal recess ()
•Pouch of Douglas
()
–―full bladder‖ |
|
Definition
Pericardial sac (chest)
•Morrison’s pouch (RUQ)
•Splenorenal recess (LUQ)
•Pouch of Douglas
(suprapubic region)
–―full bladder‖ |
|
|
Term
Positioning
•Supine patient on level surface
•Reverse Trendelenburg <->
Trendelenburg
•Orient transducerprocedure orderly
fashion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do you do after negative fast findings |
|
Definition
Negative findings CT scan, repeat
evaluation or observation |
|
|
Term
Too little time elapsed
–Retroperitoneal bleed
–Solid organ injury (encapsulated bleeding)
–Hollow viscous injury
–Small volume of fluid (? <50ml) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Performed with a full bladder
allowing for visualization of
the uterus and adnexa in
transverse and sagittal planes
to the body |
|
Definition
Transabdominal
scanning(traditionally) |
|
|
Term
Longitudinal,
transverse planes plus
coronal view of the
uterus and adnexa
can be visualized |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Sterile water +
ultrasound |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Abdominal circumference
•Fetal crown–rump length (CRL)
•Biparietal diameter
•Femur length |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Combines maternal blood
test with high resolution
ultrasound @ 10-14 wks
gestation
–Odds ratio for genetic
defects
•Trisomy 18 and 21 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Liver parenchyma
or
kidney
parenchyma- which is brighter |
|
Definition
Liver parenchyma
brighter (>echogenic)
than kidney
parenchyma |
|
|
Term
what has a
homogenous echo
texture |
|
Definition
Liver parenchyma
homogenous echo
texture |
|
|
Term
when is us done
technique for
evaluating patients
with suspected
gallbladder disease* |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
us sensitivity in
detection of
gallstones |
|
Definition
High sensitivity in
detection of
gallstones |
|
|
Term
| how many view for gallbladder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many views for kidney us |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
useful in diagnosing
appendicitis in children |
|
Definition
Abdominal ultrasound useful in diagnosing
appendicitis in children |
|
|
Term
5 month old : hip evaluation
for congenital dysplasia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Post-infections
hydrocephaly for
streptococcus
pneumoniae in a
newborn |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Major risk associated with an ultrasound
guided biopsy or aspirate is |
|
Definition
Major risk associated with an ultrasound
guided biopsy or aspirate is
–Bleeding
–Injury to adjacent organs |
|
|
Term
Clinical conditions limiting ultrasound guided
biopsy or aspirate
– |
|
Definition
Clinical conditions limiting ultrasound guided
biopsy or aspirate
–Coagulopathies
–Fluid in body cavities |
|
|
Term
Continuous
sonographic guidance
–Locate pocket of
amniotic fluid
–Insert needle into
maternal abdominal
wall uterus into
amniotic sac obtain
fluid for testing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Central venous catheter
–Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)
–Dialysis permacath placement |
|
Definition
| Vascular access procedures |
|
|
Term
| anatomical landmarks for breast |
|
Definition
Breast extends from the 2nd rib superiorly to
the 6th rib inferiorly and from the mid-axillary
line laterally to the sternum medially |
|
|
Term
| % of breast ca beneath nipple |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most sensitive breast ca screening |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| no of std imaging views for ea breast |
|
Definition
2 view standard imaging (each breast)
• Craniocaudal (CC)
• Mediolateral oblique(MLO) |
|
|
Term
| yearly mammograms recommended for |
|
Definition
Yearly mammograms recommended for
women 50 and older or 40 depending who you ask. Earlier screening if family history BCA(+) |
|
|
Term
80% Breast cancer(BCA) are diagnosed in
this group |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| no of std views for dx breast imaging |
|
Definition
| 2 std. pt w/implants, additional. us and bx |
|
|
Term
| lmtations of dx breast imaging |
|
Definition
| lmt sensitivity- dense tissue, positioning, spectrum of bca presentation |
|
|
Term
| dx breast imaging- younger pt has what? male pt has what? |
|
Definition
| Greater false positives in younger patient. poorer outcomes in m pt |
|
|
Term
what is a major
factor in obtaining high-quality
mammograms |
|
Definition
Proper breast compressionis a major
factor in obtaining high-quality
mammograms |
|
|
Term
important
indicator of
probable
malignancy |
|
Definition
Microcalcifications
are an important
indicator of
probable
malignancy |
|
|
Term
Benign cyst of right breast
Biopsy necessary? |
|
Definition
Benign cyst of right breast
Biopsy not necessary |
|
|
Term
–Indications
•Cystic lesions
–Relieve pain or biopsy for dx confirmation
–Guided by ultrasound or mammography
•Solid lesions
–Confirm benign or malignant lesion
–Guided by ultrasound, mammography or
MRI
–Circumstances not ideal for surgical
intervention |
|
Definition
| • ―Fine needle‖ aspiration (or biopsy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Diagnostic procedure
•Differentiate malignant and benign breast
lesions
–Common indications
•Non diagnostic mammography
•Assess effectiveness of breast CA therapy
–Breast images obtained after IV injection of
radiographic substance |
|
Definition
| Breast Specific Gamma Imaging |
|
|
Term
| Breast Specific Gamma Imaging |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Mammography +
contrast injection in
breast ducts
• Clinical indications
–Persistent nipple
discharge* from
single duct orifice
–Localization of
ductal system
involved |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
• Does not identify etiology
of nipple discharge
• Most likely etiology -
intraductal papillomas
versus ductal carcinoma
in-situ (DCIS) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most likely etiology for nipple discharge? |
|
Definition
intraductal papillomas
versus ductal carcinoma
in-situ (DCIS) |
|
|
Term
Common clinical applications for breast
imaging
•Integrity of breast implants
•Tumor staging
•Interventional procedures
•Post BCA therapy evaluation |
|
Definition
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) |
|
|
Term
• Biopsy and wire-localization of breast tumor
visible only on what |
|
Definition
• Biopsy and wire-localization of breast tumor
visible only on MRI |
|
|
