Term
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Definition
| an employee organization whose main goal is representing its members in employee management negotiations over job-related issues. |
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Term
| labor unions were largely responsible for... |
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Definition
| the establishment of minimum-wage laws, overtime rules, workers', compensation, severance pay, child-labor laws, job safety regulations. |
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Term
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Definition
| An organization of skilled specialists in a particular craft or trade. |
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Term
| What did craft unions do? |
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Definition
established to achieve some short-range goal, such as curtailing the use of convict labor as an alternative to available free labor.
after attaining their goal, the union disbanded . |
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Term
| first truly national labor organization |
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Definition
| Knights of Labor formed in 1869 |
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Term
| American Federation of Labor |
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Definition
| An organization of craft unions that championed fundamental labor issues; founded in 1886. |
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Term
| Define: Industrial Unions |
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Definition
Labor organizations of unskilled and semiskilled
workers in mass-production industries such as automobiles and mining |
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Term
| Define: Congress of Industrial Organizations |
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Definition
Union organization of unskilled workers; broke
away from the American Federation of Labor (AFL) in 1935 and rejoined it in 1955
Started by John Lewis |
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Term
| Define: Yellow Dog Contract |
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Definition
A type of contract that required employees to agree
as a condition of employment not to join a union; prohibited by the Norris-LaGuardia Act in 1932. |
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Term
| Norris-LaGuardia Act in 1932 prohibited ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| Define: collective bargaining |
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Definition
| the process whereby union and management representatives negotiate a contract for workers |
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Term
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Definition
| obligating employers to meet at reasonable times and bargain in good faith with respect to wages, hours, and other terms and conditions of employment. |
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Term
| National Labor Relations Act |
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Definition
Gave employees the right to form or join labor
organizations
the right to
collectively bargain with employers through elected
union representatives;
right to engage in labor activities
Prohibited unfair labor practices |
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Term
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Definition
| Set a minimum wage and maximum basic hours for workers in interstate commerce industries. |
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Term
Labor-Management Relations Act
(Taft-Hartley Act 1947 |
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Definition
| Amended the Wagner Act; permitted states to pass laws prohibiting compulsory union membership |
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Term
Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act
(Landrum-Griffin Act)
1959 |
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Definition
Amended the Taft-Hartley Act and the Wagner Act;
guaranteed individual rights of union members in dealing with their union
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Term
| Who oversee labor-management relations |
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Definition
| National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) |
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Term
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Definition
| the formal process whereby the NLRB recognizes a labor union as the authorized bargaining agent for a group of employees. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which workers take away a union's right to represent them |
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Term
| Define: negotiated labor-management agreement |
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Definition
| Agreement that sets the tone and clarifies the terms under which management and labor agree to function over a period of time. |
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Term
| Define: union security clause |
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Definition
| Provision in a negotiated labor-management agreement that stipulates that employees who benefit from a union must either officially join or at least pay dues to the union. |
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Term
| Define: closed shop agreement |
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Definition
Clause in a labor-management agreement
that specified workers had to be members of a union before being hired
outlawed by the Taft-Hartley Act in 1947
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Term
| Define: union shop agreement |
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Definition
| under which workers do not have to be members of a union to be hired but must agree to join within a prescribed period |
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Term
| Define: agency shop agreement |
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Definition
Clause in a labor-management agreement
that says employers may hire nonunion workers;
employees are not required to join the union but must pay a union fee. |
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Term
| The majority of labor unions are __ |
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Definition
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Term
| Define: right-to-work laws |
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Definition
Legislation that gives workers the right, under an
open shop agreement, to join or not join a union if it is present. |
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Term
| Define: Open Shop Agreement |
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Definition
Agreement in right-to-work states that gives workers
the option to join or not join a union, if one exists in their workplace. |
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Term
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Definition
a charge by employees that management is not abiding by or fulfilling the terms of the negotiated labor-management agreement as they perceive it.
do not imply that a company has broken the law or the labor agreement |
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Term
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Definition
| Union officials who work permanently in an organization and represent employee interests on a daily basis. |
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Term
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Definition
| The range of options between the initial and final offer that each party will consider before negotiations dissolve or reach an impasse. |
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Term
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Definition
| the use of a third party, called a mediator, who encourages both sides in a dispute to continue negotiating and often makes suggestions for resolving the matter. |
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Term
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Definition
The agreement to bring in an impartial third party
(a single arbitrator or a panel of arbitrators) to render a binding decision in a labor dispute |
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Term
| Unions primarily use ___ for positioning |
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Definition
strikes
boycott
pickets
work slowdowns |
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Term
| Managment primarily use ___ for positioning |
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Definition
lockouts
injunctions
strike-breakers |
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Term
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Definition
| A union strategy in which workers refuse to go to work; the purpose is to further workers' objectives after an impasse in collective bargaining. |
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Term
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Definition
Aka Blue flu
Govt. employees are not allowed to strike so the employees massively call in sick to work around the rule |
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Term
| Define: cooling- off period |
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Definition
When workers in a critical industry return to their jobs while the union and management continue negotiations.
Taft-Hartley Act
last up to 80 days |
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Term
| Primary vs. Secondary Boycott |
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Definition
primary boycott - labor encourages both its members and the general public not to buy the products or services of a firm engaged in a labor dispute.
secondary boycott - an attempt by labor to convince others to stop doing business with a firm that is the subject of a primary boycott |
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Term
| Secondary boycotts are prohibited by the |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| an attempt by management to put pressure on union workers by temporarily closing the business |
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Term
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Definition
| a court order directing someone to do something or to refrain from doing something |
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Term
| For a court to issue an injunction , management must... |
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Definition
| show a just cause, such as the possibility of violence or destruction of private property. |
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Term
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Definition
| workers hired to do the jobs of striking employees until the labor dispute is resolved |
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Term
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Definition
| Concessions made by union members to management; gains from labor negotiations are given back to management to help employers remain competitive and thereby save jobs. |
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Term
| Today the largest union in the United States is the ___ |
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Definition
Service Employees International Union (SEIU)
2.2 million members |
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Term
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Definition
| requires companies to give equal pay to men and women who do the same job |
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Term
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Definition
| suggested people in jobs requiring similar levels of education, training, or skills should receive equal pay |
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Term
| Define: Sexual harassment |
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Definition
| unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature that creates a hostile work environment. |
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Term
| Act that dealt with Sexual Harassment |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a term for behavior that would offend a reasonable person |
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Term
| Problems with Women in the Workplace |
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Definition
(1) absences related to child care cost U.S. businesses billions of dollars annually
(2) the issue of who should pay for employee child care raises a question that often divides employees. |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of all the individuals or households that want goods and services for personal consumption or use and have the resources to buy them. |
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Term
| Define: business-to-business market |
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Definition
| all the individuals and organizations that want goods and services to use in producing other goods and services or to sell, rent, or supply goods to others. |
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Term
| Define: Market Segmentation |
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Definition
| The process of dividing the total market into groups whose members have similar characteristics. |
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Term
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Definition
| Marketing directed toward those groups (market segments) an organization decides it can serve profitably |
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Term
Types of Market Segmentation
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Definition
geographic segmentation - Dividing a market by cities, counties, states, or regions.
demographic segmentation - Dividing the market by age, income, and education level.
psychographic segmentation - Dividing the market using groups' values, attitudes, and interests.
benefit segmentation - Dividing by determining which benefits of the product to talk about.
volume (or usage) segmentation - Dividing the market by usage (volume of use). |
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Term
| Types of Marketing for Small Markets |
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Definition
niche marketing - The process of finding small but profitable market segments and designing or finding products for them.
One-to-one marketing - developing a unique mix of goods and services for each individual customer. |
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Term
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Definition
| Developing products and promotions to please large groups of people |
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Term
| Define: relationship marketing |
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Definition
| Marketing strategy with the goal of keeping individual customers over time by offering them products that exactly meet their requirements. |
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Term
| Five steps in Consumer Decision Making |
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Definition
problem recognition
information search
evaluate alternatives
purchase decision
comparisons |
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Term
| Define: Learning... in consumer behavior factors |
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Definition
changes in an individual's behavior resulting from
previous experiences and information |
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Term
| Define: Reference Group ... in marketing behvior terms |
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Definition
| the group an individual uses as a reference point in forming beliefs, attitudes, values, or behavior |
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Term
| Define: Culture ... in marketing behvior terms |
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Definition
| the set of values, attitudes, and ways of doing things transmitted from one generation to another in a given society |
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Term
| Define: subculture ... in marketing behvior terms |
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Definition
| the set of values, attitudes, and ways of doing things that results from belonging to a certain ethnic group, racial group, or other group with which one closely identifies |
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Term
| Define: cognitive dissonance ... in marketing behvior terms |
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Definition
a type of psychological conflict that can occur after a purchase.
Consumers who make a major purchase may have doubts about whether they got the best product at the best price |
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Term
| Why is Business-to-business (B2B) market different? |
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Definition
Customers are relatively few
customers are relatively large
tend to be geographically concentrated
more rational and less emotional
sales tend to be direct
based on personal selling |
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