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What are principal parts of a eukaryotic cell? |
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Definition
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T/F The cell membrane is as a fluid mosaic. T/F Proteins have a degree of mobility within the lipid bilayer. |
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| Both senetences are true and they are relevant. |
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| What particle can penetrate cell membranes most easily? |
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Definition
| Lipid-soluble, transport protein present |
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| In order for a cell to engage in active transport processes, it requires: |
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Definition
mitochondria appropriate fuel ATP enzymes (All) |
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Which is inconsistent w/ the others? diffusion osmosis filtration phagocytosis facilitated diffusion |
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Definition
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| What can transport substances "uphill" against the concentration gradient? |
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This serves as repositories for some receptors, provides a route for transport into a cell, and relays signals into cells. |
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Which are true about cytoplasm? A. It is located outside the nucleus B. It provides support for organelles. C. It is mostly water. |
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| single strand of DNA, nondividing cell |
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| "Generation plant" for ATP |
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Which are true about the retinoblastoma (RB) protein: A. It is a brake on the progress of the cell cycle B. Binds to gene regulatory protiens C. Slows cell proliferation |
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Definition
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| A major function of connective tissue is |
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Which are characteristics of epithelial tissue? A. Elasticity B. Protection C. Fills spaces between organs D. Secretion |
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Definition
B. Protection D. Secretion |
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Term
| What type of tissue is found in the lining of the kidney tubules? |
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Definition
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Term
What type of tissue is found in the lining of the upper respiratory tract? |
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Definition
| simple columnar, ciliated |
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Term
Signaling molecules cause all of the following except: A. Acceleration/initiative of intracellular protein kinases.
B. Arrest of cellular growth. C. Apoptosis D. Conversion of an intracellular signal into an extracellular response. |
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Definition
D. Conversion of an intracellular signal into an extracellular response. |
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| Ligands that bind with membrane receptors include what? |
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Definition
| hormones, antigens, neurotransmitters, drugs, and infectious agents |
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The products from the metabolism of glucose include what? |
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Definition
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Indentify the correct sequence of events for initiation and conduction of a nerve impulse. 1. Sodium moves inside 2. Potassium leaves cell 3. Sodium permeability changes 4. Resting potential is reestablished 5. Potassium permeability changes |
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Definition
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| Increased cytoplasmic calcium |
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Definition
| decreases permeability at the junctional complex |
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1. coordinate activities of cells within tissues 2. hold cells together |
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| A cellular adaptation observable in uterine cervical epithelium is: |
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| What are the consequences when a cell is forced into anaerobic glycolysis? |
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Definition
Increased lactic acid Inadequate ATP production |
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Definition
| bleeding in skin or underlying tissue |
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| What is the probable cause of cellular swelling in the early stages of injury? |
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Definition
| Na-K pump fails to remove intracellular Na+ |
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Definition
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| a cause of lipid peroxidation |
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Definition
| oxygen-derived free radicals |
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| A cause of depressed fatty acid oxidation |
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Definition
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| A cause of neurotransmitter interference |
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Definition
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| A cause of depressed protien synthesis |
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Definition
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Definition
occurs in dying or dead tissues is observed in chronic lesions |
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| evident early in all types of cellular injury |
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Which is not reversible? A. Karyolysis B. Fatty infiltration C. Oncosis D. All are reversible |
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Aging: A. is easy to distinguish from pathology B. does not have a genetic relationship C. is more advanced in primitive societies D. None are correct E. A, B, & C are correct |
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Definition
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| In aging, cross-linking implies that |
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Definition
| cell permeability decreases |
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Term
| This is necrosis caused by Clostridia |
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Definition
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| This is rigidity of muscles after somatic death |
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Definition
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| This is an increased number of cells |
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Definition
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This is a necrosis resulting from lysosomal release |
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Definition
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| This is a replacement of one cell type with another, more suitable type |
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Definition
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pancreatic necrosis causes |
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| coagulative and liquefactive necrosis |
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| normal and pathologic cellular self-destruction |
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The total water loss per day in the adult is appox.? |
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Definition
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| Of the 60% of the body weight made up of water, about 2/3 is: |
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Definition
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| Sodium is responsible for |
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Definition
ECF osmotic balance (extracellular fluid) |
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| A milliequivalent is a unit of: |
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Definition
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T/F The positive and negative charges in blood plasma must be equal to each other. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Pressure of blood within the capillaries |
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Definition
| water-pulling effect of plasma proteins |
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Definition
| a substance/chemical that donates a hydrogen ion or a proton to the solution |
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Definition
include phosphoric acid contribute many H+ to the solution are eliminated by the renal tubules |
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Term
| The blood pH is maintained near 7.4 by buffering systems. The sequence from the fastest acting to the slowest acting system is: |
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Definition
| blood buffers, lungs, kidneys |
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Term
The pH of saliva is about 7 and the pH of gastric guice is about 2. How many times more concentrated is the hydrogen ion in gastric juice than in saliva? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which would NOT shift the blood pH towards alkalosis? |
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Definition
| bicarbonate ion secretion into urine |
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Term
| Respiratory acidosis could be caused from this disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| Respiratory alkalosis could be caused by this disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| Metabolic alkalosis could be caused by this disease? |
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Definition
| excessive baking soda ingestion |
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Term
| What is the compensatory mechanism for respiratory acidosis? |
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Definition
| Kidneys excrete H+ and retain HCO3- |
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Term
| What is the compensatory mechanism for respiratory alkalosis? |
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Definition
| Kidneys retain H+ and excrete HCO3- |
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Definition
| ingestion and destruction |
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Definition
Immunoglobulins, lymphokines |
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Definition
| phagocytic, agranular leukocyte of the immune system |
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Definition
| resistant to a large variety of antigens |
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Definition
| macromolecular pattern for antibody production |
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Definition
| chemical structure, foreignness, complexity |
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Definition
| antigens are found on the surfaces of most cells except erythrocytes |
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Term
| When antigen binds to its appropriate antibody: |
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Definition
| agglutination may occur, phagocytosis may occur, or antigen neutralization may occur |
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Term
| Antibodies are produced by: |
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Definition
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Term
| An immunoglobulin contains: |
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Definition
| two heavy and two light polypeptide chains |
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Term
| The antibody class having the highest concentration in the blood is: |
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Definition
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Term
| This is the first antibody to challenge the antigen |
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Definition
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Term
| The primary immune response involves: |
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Definition
| a latent period followed by peak antibody production |
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Term
| These cells are phagocytic. |
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Definition
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| When a child develops measles and acquires an immunity to subsequent infections, the immunity is: |
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Definition
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Definition
| increases activation signal and immune response |
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Definition
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| What are monoclonal antibodies? |
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Definition
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| What are mucous membranes? |
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Definition
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Definition
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| These are capable of forming clones of themselves. |
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Definition
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| These produce lymphokines |
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Definition
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| These are helper and suppressor cells |
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destroys injurious agents confines injurious agents stimulates and enhances immunity promotes healing |
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Term
Inflammation microcirculation changes involve all of the following except: A. Vasodilation B. Days to develop C. Increased vascular permeability D. exudation of leukocytes to injury site |
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Definition
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Term
| A phagocyte's role begins w/ an inflammatory response. The sequence of phagocytosis is: |
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Definition
| margination, diapedesis, recognition, adherence, ingestion, fusion w/ lysosomes inside the phagocyte, destruction of the target. |
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Term
| What are local manifestations of inflammation? |
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Definition
| swelling, pain, heat, redness |
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