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Unit 1 Vocab
cards for vocab
20
Literature
8th Grade
09/09/2010

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Cards

Term

Admonish

    [image]                                                    verb

                                    3 syllables accent on 2nd

The librarian had to admonish the noisy students several times before they settled down.

Definition

To caution or advise against something; to scold mildly; to remind of a duty

 

            Synonyms                                         Antonyms

            warn                                                praise

            call on the carpet                            pat on the back

Term

Breach

          [image]                                          noun/verb

                                                1 syllable

Because of a serious breach of the rules, two players were ejected from the game.

Our troops were unable to breach the enemy's lines during the battle.

Definition

(N) an opening, gap, rupture, rift; a violation or infraction(V) to create an opening, break through

 

Synonyms                                          Antonyms

none                                                   close

                                                           seal

 

 

Term

Brigand

            [image]                 noun

                                                     2 syllables accent on 1st

 

Ancient caravans passing through desolate areas were sometimes attacked by brigands.

 

Definition

 

              a bandit, robber, outlaw, highwayman

 

Synonyms                              Antonynms

none                                      none

Term

Circumspect

              [image]               adjective

                                                     3 syllables accent on 1st

 It is important for a diplomat to behave in a manner that is both discreet and circumspect.

Definition

                               careful, cautious

 

Synonyms                                    Antonyms

wary                                            incautious

prudent                                      rash

guarded                                      reckless

                                     heedless

 

Term

Cumbersome                                               

[image]                              adjective

                                                3 syllables accent on 1st The bus was filled to capacity with holiday shoppers carrying large and cumbersome packages. 

 

 

Definition

clumsy, hard to handle; slow-moving

 

Synonyms                                           Antonyms

unwiedly                                            manageable

ponderous                                        easy to handle

Term

Deadlock

           [image]                                    noun/verb

                                                    2 syllables accent on 1st

After fifteen innings, the score remained a frustrating 3-to-3 deadlock.

Th refusal of labor and management to modify their demands deadlock the contract negotiations.

Definition

(N) a standstill resulting from the opposistion of two equal forces or fractions (V) to bring to such a standstill

 

Synonyms                                           Antonyms

(N) standoff                                     (N) agreement

stalemate                                           accord

impasse                                               breakthrough

Term

Debris

 [image]        Noun 2 syllables accent on 2nd

 

After the storm, the beach was littered with driftwood and other debris.

Definition

scattered fragments, wreckage

 

Synonyms                                          Anonyms

rubble                                               none

detritus

flotsam

jetsam

Term

Diffuse                         

        [image]                        verb and  adjective

                                             2 syllables accent on 2nd 

                                                                                                    

 

The scent of lilacs slowly diffused through the open window.

The speech was so long and diffused that most members of the audience were thorughly confused by it.

                                                                             

 

                                                  

Definition

(v) to spread or scatter freely or widely (adj.) wordy, longwinded, or unfocused; scattered or widely spread

 

Synonyms                             Antonyms

(v) disperse                           (v) concentrate

(adj.) rambling                      (adj.) brief

verbose                                concise

prolix                                    succinct

Term

Dilemma                      Noun  3 syllables accent 2nd  [image]                            

               During the crisis the President found himself caught in a painful dilemma.              

Definition

a difficult or perplexing situation or problem

 

Synonyms                                 Antonym

predicament                              cinch

quandry

pickle

bind

Term

Efface                        verb 

                                2 syllables accent 2nd             [image]     

         Time had effaced almost all signs of struggle that took place on that famous battlefield.   

Definition

to wipe out; to keep oneself from being noticed

 

Synonyms                              Antonyms

 blot out                                none

erase

obliterate

expunge                               

Term

Muddle                            

  [image]                  verb and noun

                                            2nd syllables accent 1st       

        Too much stress and too little sleep can muddle a person's ability to concentrate. 

    The muddle was principally caused by their failure to carry out the general's orders properly.                                                               

Definition

(v) to make a mess of; muddle through (n) a hopeless mess

 

Synonyms                              Antonyms

(v) jumble                              (n) orderliness

mess up                                  tidiness

(n) confusion                           neatness

disorder

Term

Opinionated                                       Adjective

                                            5 syllables accent 2nd

 [image]

My boss is not too opinionated to listen to a reasonable proposal.

Definition

stubborn  and often unreasonable in holding to one's own ideas, having a closed mind

 

Synonyms                             Antonyms

obstinate                              open-minded

pigheaded                             reasonable

inflexible

Term

Perennial                                    Adjective/ Noun

                                            4 syllables accent 2nd 

  [image]                                                    

 Pizza is a perennial favorite of young and old alike in the United States.

A garden of perennials is relatively easy to maintain.

Definition

(adj.) lasting for a long time, presistent (n) a plant that lives for many years

 

Synonyms                                Antonyms

(adj.) enduring                        (adj.) brief

recurring                                short-lived

                                             fleeting

                                             ephermeral          

Term

Predispose                        Verb

                                             3 syllables accent 3rd

 

My genetic makeup seems to predispose me to colds and sore throats.  

Definition

to incline to beforehand 

 

Synonyms                                        Antonyms

make susceptible to                         immunize against

                                                     shield from

Term

Relinquish                                      Verb

                                     3 syllables accent on 2nd [image]

 Severe illness forced me to relinquished my role in the school play.

Definition

to let go, give up

Synonyms                                      Antonyms

surrender                                      hold on

abandon                                        keep

                                                    retain

                                                    cling to

Term

Salvage                                         Verb/Noun

                                     2 syllables accent 1st [image]

 Fortunately, we were able to salvage a few things from the fire.

Salvage from sunken ships can be of great value to archaeologists and historians.  

Definition

(v) to save  from fire or shipwreck (n) property thus saved

 

Synonyms                              Antonyms

(v) rescue                              (v) abandon

recover                                 scrap

retrieve                                junk

reclaim

Term

Spasmodic                                         Adjective

                                            3 syllables accent 2nd

 

Spasmodic flashes of lightining and booming thunderclaps were accompanied by torrential rain.

Definition

sudden and violent but brief; fitful intermittent

 

Synonyms                                    Antonyms

irregular                                     steady

occasional                                   continuous

                                                  chronic

Term

Spurious                                           Adjective

                                         3 syllables accent 1st

 

 

Manufacturers who make spurious claims for their products may face fines or lwasuits.

Definition

not genuine, not true, not valid

 

Synonyms                                   Antonyms

false                                          genuine

counterfeit                                 authentic

fradulent                                    bona fide

bogus                                         valid

Term

Unbridled                                              Adjective

                                            3 syllables accent 2nd

 

Sometimes the unbridled enthusiasm of sports fans can get a little out of hand. 

 

Definition

uncontrolled, lacking in restraint

 

Synonyms                            Antonyms

unrestrained                        restrained

unchecked                           held in check

                                          muted

Term

Commandeer                                         Verb

                                             3 syllables accent 3rd

 

 

Under certain circumstances the U.S. government has the right to commandeer private property.

 

Definition

to seize for military or offical use

 

Synonyms                               Antonyms

take over                                none

requistion

expropritate

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