Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Unit 1
NSAIDS, Antibiotics, Antihistamines
46
Medical
Graduate
09/22/2011

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Beta-lactamase inhibitors
Definition
clavulanate, sulbactam, tazobactam
Term
dihydrothiazine ring
Definition
cephalosporins
Term
thiazolidine ring
Definition
penicillins
Term
monobactams
Definition
beta-lactam, kils almost all gram- types

ex: aztreonam
Term
carbapenams
Definition
beta-lactam, broad spectrum
ex. imipenam, meropenam,
resistant to ESBLs

cilistatin- dihydropeptidase inhibitor (blocks degredation in kidney of imipenam, mero is resistant)
Term
glycopeptides
Definition
affects crosslinking at step before beta-lactams
ex. vancomycin, telavancin,
all gram+s
cidal
Term
tetracyclines
Definition
benzene rings, binds to 30s, blocks t-RNA. Static, broad

ex: tetracycline (itself), doxycycline - better oral absorption
Term
aminoglycosides
Definition
irreversibly bind 30s subunit
bacteriocidal
gram-
ex:gentamicin, streptomicin, kanamicin
Term
karyolysis
Definition
fading of normal basophilia of nuclei
Term
pyknosis
Definition
increase in basophilia w/ nuclear shrinking
Term
karyorrhexis
Definition
frangmentation and dispersion of necrotic nucleus
Term
clindamycin
Definition
is a lincosamide, anaerobes, inh 50s, static.
Term
linezolid
Definition
static- 50s- MRSA and VancoResist Enterococci (narrow spectrum)
Term
macrolides
Definition
more gram+ than gram-, blocks 50s, static
ex. erythro-mycin azithro- clarithro- telithro- (ketolide)
Term
Streptogramins
Definition
quinupristin/dalfopristin, used in combo.
cidal, VRE/MRSA, 50s
Term
quinolones
Definition
inhibit dna gyrase, cidal
ex. cipro-floxacin, nor-, a-
fluorine added helps prevent excretion in urine
Term
rifampin
Definition
inh RNA pol, cidal, gram+
Term
Sulfas
Definition
ex. Sulfamethoxazole, Para amino benzoic acid (PABA) analog, static, combo w/trimethoprim, broad
Term
trimethoprim
Definition
dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, broad, in combo with sulfas, static
Term
diphenhydramine
Definition
ethanolamine derivative, benadryl, antimusccarinic effects, sedation
Term
tripelennamine
Definition
ethylendiamine, otc "sleep aid"
Term
cyclizine
Definition
piperazine deriv, anti-motion sickness
Term
promethazine
Definition
phenothiazine deriv, antimuscarinic, antiemetic
Term
chlorpheniramine
Definition
less sedating, common cold medication
Term
ioratidine and fexofenadine
Definition
piperidine derivatives (2nd gen), no sedation, but poor bbb crosser
Term
azelastine
Definition
2nd gen, intranasal and ophthalmic
Term
Famotidine and Nizatidine
Definition
H2 receptor antagonists, block gastric acid especially nocturnally
others: cimetidine, ranitidine but these have p450 effects, liver toxicity or antiandrogen effects
Term
cyproheptadine
Definition
antagonist to H1 and 5-HT2, urticaria and diarrhea from serotonin tumor
Term
ketanserin
Definition
5-HT2a,2c antagonist, a1-adrenergic and h1 blocker, antihypertensive, antagonizes platelet aggregation
Term
ondansetron
Definition
5-ht3 ant, nausea from chemo
Term
ergotamine
Definition
5-HT1,2 agonist, some adrenergic affects, prodrome of migraine, combined with caffeine tox: NV, vasoconstriction
Term
methysergide
Definition
5-HT1 part. agonist, 5-HT2 ant. headache prophylaxis. toxL gi, infl fibrosis, hallucinations. not in US
Term
triptans
Definition
suma- riza- nara-, zolmi-, non-ergot serotonin analogs, 5-HT1b,1d agonists, acute migraine relief. mech: act 1b,d recpetors in cerebral BV->vasoconstriction, stim on trigem inhibits pro-infl cytokines
Term
ergonovine
Definition
postpartum hemorrhage, sustain uterine stimulation
Term
bromocriptine
Definition
d2 agonist, suppresses prolactin secretion from pituitary cells
Term
acetosalicylic acid
Definition
irreversibly blocks eicosanoid synth by acetylating COX-1/2

salicylic acid reversibly inhibits cox1/2
Term
diflusinal
Definition
competitive inh of cox1/2, longer t1/2 and better GI than aspirin
Term
acetominophen
Definition
para-amino phenol, poor ability to bind cox @ inflammation, disproportionately high activity in brain->antipyretic
Term
indoles
Definition
indomethacin, 10x more potent than aspirin, toxicity limits use->headaches, anemia, thrombocytopenia

sulindac, 1/2 as potent as indometh, less side effects
Term
propionic acid group
Definition
ibuprofen
flurbiprofen, synovial concentration, opthalmic
naproxen, 20x aspirin, t1/2 13 hrs
oxaprozin, t1/2 50 hrs
Term
piroxicam
Definition
enolic acid, arthritis, t1/2 45hrs
Term
ketorolac
Definition
heteroaryl acetic acid, IM, t1/2 4-6 hrs, analgesic=opioids, ophthalmic
Term
selective cox-2
Definition
celecoxib, etoricoxib - older ones caused mi, stroke, thrombosis
Term
Clearance Rate
Definition
= (.693*Vd) / t1/2
Term
Concentration at Steady State
Definition
= (Dose/t) / Cl
Term
Incremental Loading Dose
Definition
= Vd (Cp desired- Cp initial into Vd)
Supporting users have an ad free experience!