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| 1.Expand upon the unique characteristics that allowed the Renaissance to begin in Italy. |
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| 2.Discuss Jacob Burckhardt and his role in the creation of the Renaissance. |
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| 3.Describe the Italian political structure by using examples from the Papal States: Milan, Naples, Venice, and Florence. |
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| 4.Identify the ideal qualities of Castiglione’s courtier. |
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| 5.List the major contributions of the following: Dante, Boccacio, Petrarch, Bruni, Valla, and Pico della Mirandola. |
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| 6.Give a biographical account of Niccolo Machiavelli. |
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| 7.Develop Machiavelli’s major political principles in The Prince and compare his ideas with the political philosophy of the late middle ages. |
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| 8.Designate the major contributions to Renaissance art of the following: Giotto, Donatello, Brunelleschi, Michelangelo, Cellini, Botticelli, Raphael, Leonardo, Bellini, Titian. |
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| 9.Discuss the many cultural influences that had an impact on Renaissance art. |
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| 10.Explain the changes in Northern Europe as medieval society began to decline. |
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| 11.Compare Northern and Italian humanism and evaluate to what extent they influenced one another. |
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| 12.How was Northern art different from Italian art? |
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| 13.Evaluate the Renaissance monarchies of France, England, and Spain in terms of power structures and intrastate problems. |
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| 14.Use Italy as a case study of the complex international pressures that led to the peninsula’s deterioration. |
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| 15.Explain the technical achievements and major motives that encouraged exploration. |
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| 16.Discuss the growth of the Portuguese, Spanish, English, Dutch, and French colonial systems. |
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