Term
| Good knowledge of the biology of fertilisation |
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Definition
| is required to design contraceptive methods and treatments for infertility |
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Term
| Men are continuously fertile due to |
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Definition
| negative feedback control of testosterone which maintains a relatively constant level of FSH and ICSH |
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Term
| Women have cyclical fertility |
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Definition
| and is only a small period of fertility (2 days) which occurs after ovulation |
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Term
| Female fertile period can be indicated by |
|
Definition
| temperature rise and thin, watery cervical mucus |
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Term
| Treatments for infertility include: |
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Definition
| Drugs to stimulate ovulation, artificial insemination and In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) |
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Term
| Ovulation can be stimulated by using |
|
Definition
| drugs that mimic the action of FSH and LH or prevent negative feedback of oestrogen on FSH secretion during the luteal phase |
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Term
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Definition
| when many eggs are released, can bring about multiple births |
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Term
| Artificial insemination involves |
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Definition
| freezing the semen then defrosting and releasing it into the females cervix during her fertile period |
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Term
| In Vitro Fertilsation (IVF) |
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Definition
| involves fertilisation occurring outside the body. It is used to solve the problem of blocked oviducts |
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Term
| Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) |
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Definition
| injecting sperm from a syringe needle directly into an egg to bring about fertilisation |
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Term
| Pre-implantation genetic screening (PGS) |
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Definition
| A non-specific approach that checks the embryo for single gene disorders and common chromosomal abnormalities |
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Term
| Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) |
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Definition
| A specific approach to check for a known chromosomal or gene defect |
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Term
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Definition
| to help scientists identify which embryos should or should not be inserted into the mother’s endometrium |
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Term
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Definition
| the intention prevention of conception or pregnancy by natural or artificial means |
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Term
| Barrier methods of contraception include: |
|
Definition
| Condom, Diaphragm and Cervical cap |
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Term
| Inter-uterine device (IDU) |
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Definition
| a T-shaped structure that is fitted into the uterus to prevent implantation of an embryo into the endometrium |
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Term
| Sterilisation procedures in males |
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Definition
| is called a vasectomy and involves cutting and tying the two sperm ducts which prevents sperm from being released |
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Term
| Sterilisation procedures in women |
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Definition
| involves cutting and tying two oviducts preventing eggs meeting the sperm. |
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Term
| Oral contraceptive pills normally contain |
|
Definition
| synthetic progesterone combines with synthetic oestrogen |
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Term
| The morning after pill contains |
|
Definition
| high doses of progesterone and oestrogen and are used as emergency hormonal contraception and prevents implantation. |
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|
Term
| Chemical methods of contraception include: |
|
Definition
| Oral Contraceptive pills, the morning after pill, synthetic progesterone. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| thickens the cervical mucus to reduce sperm access to the uterus |
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|
Term
| Synthetic progesterone can be taken in various forms: |
|
Definition
| mini-pills, injection or implants. |
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